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October 19

October 19 is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 73 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal.
• 439 - The Vandals, led by King Gaiseric, take Carthage in North Africa.
• 1216 - King John of England dies at Newark-on-Trent and is succeeded by his nine-year-old son Henry.
• 1453 - The French recapture of Bordeaux brings the Hundred Years' War to a close, with the English retaining only Calais on French soil.
• 1466 - The Thirteen Years' War ends with the Second Treaty of Thorn.
• 1469 - Ferdinand II of Aragon marries Isabella I of Castile, a marriage that paves the way to the unification of Aragon and Castile into a single country, Spain.
• 1512 - Martin Luther becomes a doctor of theology (Doctor in Biblia).
• 1649 - New Ross town, Co. Wexford, Ireland, surrenders to Oliver Cromwell.
• 1781 - At Yorktown, Virginia, British commander Lord Cornwallis surrendered to a Franco-American force led by George Washington and the comte de Rochambeau, paving the way for the end of the American Revolutionary War.
• 1789 - Chief Justice John Jay is sworn in as the first Chief Justice of the United States.
• 1812 - Napoleon I of France retreats from Moscow.
• 1813 - The Battle of Leipzig concludes, giving Napoleon Bonaparte one of his worst defeats.
• 1822 - In Parnaíba; Simplício Dias da Silva, João Cândido de Deus e Silva and Domingos Dias declare the independent state of Piauí.
• 1864 - Battle of Cedar Creek - Union Army under Philip Sheridan destroys Confederate Army under Jubal Early.
• 1864 - Confederate raiders launch an attack on Saint Albans, Vermont from Canada.
• 1873 - Yale, Princeton, Columbia, and Rutgers universities draft the first code of American football rules.
• 1904 - Polytechnic University of the Philippines founded as Manila Business School through the superintendence of the American C.A. O'Reilley.
• 1912 - Italy takes possession of Tripoli, Libya from the Ottoman Empire.
• 1914 - The First Battle of Ypres begins.
• 1917 - Love Field in Dallas, Texas is opened.
• 1921 - Portuguese Prime Minister António Granjo and other politicians are murdered in a Lisbon coup.
• 1933 - Germany withdraws from the League of Nations.
• 1935 - The League of Nations places economic sanctions on fascist Italy for its invasion of Ethiopia.
• 1943 - Streptomycin, the first antibiotic remedy for tuberculosis, is isolated by researchers at Rutgers University.
• 1944 - United States forces land in the Philippines.
• 1950 - The military of the People's Republic of China takes control of the town of Chamdo in eastern Tibet.
• 1954 - First ascent of Cho Oyu
• 1960 - The United States government places an embargo on Communist Cuba.
• 1969 - The first Prime Minister of Tunisia in twelve years, Bahi Ladgham, is appointed by President Habib Bourguiba.
• 1973 - President Richard Nixon rejects an Appeals Court demand to turn over the Watergate tapes.
• 1974 - Niue becomes self-govering colony of New Zealand
• 1976 - Battle of Aishiya in Lebanon. The same day, the Chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) is placed on the List of Endangered Species.
• 1983 - Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada, is overthrown and executed in a military coup d'état led by Bernard Coard.
• 1986 - Samora Machel, President of Mozambique and a prominent leader of FRELIMO, and 33 others died when their Tupolev 134 plane crashed into the Lebombo Mountains.
• 1987 - In retaliation for Iranian attacks on ships in the Persian Gulf, the U.S. Navy disables three of Iran's offshore oil platforms.
• 1987 - (Black Monday) Dow Jones Industrial Average falls by 22%, 508 points. This is considered a Stock Market Crash.
• 1989 - Guildford Four convictions are quashed by the Court of Appeal - they had spent 15 years in prison through a miscarriage of justice.
• 1994 - The Goodnight Kiwi airs in New Zealand for the last time as TV2 moves to 24-hour television 7 days a week.
• 1998 - The Earth Liberation Front sets fire to the Vail Mountain ski resort in Vail, Colorado, causing $12 million in damage.
• 2001 - SIEV-X, an Indonesian fishing boat en-route to Christmas Island, carrying over 400 asylum seekers, sank in international waters with the loss of 353 people.
• 2003 - Mother Teresa is beatified by Pope John Paul II.
• 2004 - Myanmar prime minister Khin Nyunt is ousted and placed under house arrest by the SPDC on charges of corruption.
• 2004 - Care International aid worker Margaret Hassan is kidnapped in Iraq.
• 2005 - Saddam Hussein goes on trial in Baghdad for crimes against humanity.
• 2005 - Hurricane Wilma becomes the most intense Atlantic hurricane on record with a minimum pressure of 882 mb.
• 2007 - Philippines. Amidst corruption controversies hounding the Arroyo administration, a bomb explosion rocked Glorietta 2, a shopping mall in Makati, which killed 11 and injured more than 100 people.

Births

• 1276 - Prince Hisaaki, Japanese shogun (d. 1328)
• 1433 - Marsilio Ficino, Italian philosopher (d. 1499)
• 1562 - Archbishop George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury (d. 1633)
• 1582 - Dmitry Ivanovich, Russian Tsarevich (d. 1591)
• 1605 - Thomas Browne, English writer (d. 1682)
• 1610 - James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde, English statesman and soldier (d. 1688)
• 1658 - Adolf Friedrich II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (d. 1704)
• 1680 - John Abernethy, Irish Protestant minister (d. 1740)
• 1688 - William Cheselden, English surgeon and anatomist (d. 1752)
• 1718 - Victor-François, 2nd duc de Broglie, Marshal of France (d. 1804)
• 1720 - John Woolman, American Quaker preacher and abolitionist (d. 1772)
• 1721 - Joseph de Guignes, French orientalist (d. 1800)
• 1784 - John McLoughlin, Canadian fur trader (d. 1857)
• 1810 - Cassius Marcellus Clay, American abolitionist (d. 1903)
• 1851 - Empress Myeongseong, Empress of Korea (d. 1895)
• 1858 - George Albert Boulenger, Belgian naturalist (d. 1937)
• 1862 - Auguste Lumière, French inventor (d. 1954)
• 1873 - Jaap Eden, Dutch skater and cyclist (d. 1925)
• 1873 - John Barton King, American cricketer (d. 1965)
• 1876 - Mordecai Brown, American baseball player (d. 1945)
• 1882 - Umberto Boccioni, Italian painter and sculptor (d. 1916)
• 1885 - Charles Merrill, American investment banker (d. 1956)
• 1895 - Lewis Mumford, American historian (d. 1990)
• 1895 - Frank Durbin, last American veteran of the Battle of Verdun (d.1999)
• 1896 - Bob O'Farrell, American baseball player (d. 1988)
• 1897 - Salimuzzaman Siddiqui, Pakistani scientist and scholar (d. 1994)
• 1899 - Miguel Ángel Asturias, Guatemalan writer, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1974)
• 1900 - Bill Ponsford, Australian cricketer (d. 1991)
• 1900 - Roy Worters, Canadian ice hockey goaltender (d. 1957)
• 1900 - Erna Berger, German soprano (d. 1990)
• 1901 - Arleigh Burke, American admiral (d. 1996)
• 1903 - Tor Johnson, Swedish wrestler and actor (d. 1971)
• 1907 - Roger Wolfe Kahn, American bandleader (d. 1962)
• 1908 - Geirr Tveitt, Norwegian composer (d. 1981)
• 1909 - Cozy Cole, American jazz drummer (d. 1981)
• 1909 - Marguerite Perey, French physicist (d. 1975)
• 1910 - Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Indian-born physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1995)
• 1910 - Paul Robert, French lexicographer and publisher (d. 1980)
• 1913 - Vinicius de Moraes, Brazilian poet and songwriter (d. 1980)
• 1915 - Farid al-Atrash, Syrian composer, musician, and actor (d. 1974)
• 1916 - Jean Dausset, French immunologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
• 1916 - Emil Gilels, Ukrainian pianist (d. 1985)
• 1920 - Pandurang Shastri Athavale, Indian philosopher (d. 2003)
• 1922 - Jack Anderson, American journalist (d. 2005)
• 1926 - Joel Feinberg, American moral philosopher (d. 2004)
• 1926 - Arne Bendiksen, Norwegian singer and songwriter
• 1931 - John le Carré, English novelist
• 1932 - Robert Reed, American actor (d. 1992)
• 1936 - Tony Lo Bianco, American actor
• 1936 - James Bevel, American activist
• 1937 - Peter Max, American artist
• 1937 - Marilyn Bell, Canadian swimmer
• 1940 - Michael Gambon, Irish actor
• 1941 - Simon Ward, British actor
• 1942 - Andrew Vachss, American author and attorney
• 1943 - Robin Holloway, British composer
• 1943 - Takis Ikonomopoulos, Greek footballer
• 1944 - Peter Tosh, Jamaican musician, political activist (d. 1987)
• 1944 - George McCrae, American soul singer
• 1945 - Divine, American actor (d. 1988)
• 1945 - Patricia Ireland, American attorney and feminist
• 1945 - John Lithgow, American actor
• 1945 - Jeannie C. Riley American country and gospel singer
• 1946 - Philip Pullman, English writer
• 1947 - Giorgio Cavazzano, Italian comic strip artist
• 1948 - Patrick Simmons, American musician
• 1949 - Lynn Dickey, American football player
• 1949 - Jamie McGrigor, British politician
• 1951 - Demetrios Christodoulou, Greek mathematical physicist, recipient of the Bôcher Memorial Prize
• 1952 - Verónica Castro, Mexican actress and singer
• 1954 - Joe Bryant, American basketball player
• 1954 - Sam Allardyce, English football manager
• 1954 - Deborah Blum, American writer
• 1955 - Melpo Kosti, Greek actress
• 1956 - Carlo Urbani, Italian physician (d. 1993)
• 1956 - Bruce Weber, American Basketball Coach
• 1956 - Sunny Deol, Indian actor
• 1956 - Didier Theys, Belgian racing driver
• 1957 - Ray Richmond, American columnist and critic
• 1957 - Karl Wallinger, Welsh musician
• 1957 - Doug Kirby, American author and travel guide
• 1958 - Tiriel Mora, Australian actor
• 1958 - Lou Briel, Puerto Rican singer and actor
• 1960 - Jonathan FeBland, English musician and artist
• 1962 - Tracy Chevalier, American author
• 1962 - Evander Holyfield, American boxer
• 1963 - Prince Laurent of Belgium
• 1964 - Jorge Luis Gonzales, Cuban-born American boxer
• 1965 - Brad Daugherty, American basketball player
• 1965 - Ty Pennington, American television carpenter
• 1966 - Roger R. Cross, Jamaican-born actor
• 1966 - Jon Favreau, American actor, writer and director
• 1967 - Yoko Shimomura, Japanese composer
• 1968 - Sinitta, American singer
• 1969 - Trey Parker, American cartoonist and actor
• 1969 - Erwin Sánchez, Bolivian footballer
• 1969 - DJ Sammy, Spanish DJ
• 1969 - John Edward, American TV Psychic
• 1970 - Chris Kattan, American comedian and actor
• 1972 - Keith Foulke, American baseball pitcher
• 1972 - Pras, American musician
• 1973 - Hicham Arazi, Moroccan tennis player
• 1973 - Joaquin Gage, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1976 - Joy Bryant, American actress
• 1976 - Omar Gooding, American actor
• 1976 - Desmond Harrington, American actor
• 1976 - Dan Smith, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1976 - Michael Young, baseball player
• 1977 - Louis-José Houde, Canadian stand-up comic
• 1977 - Jason Reitman, Canadian filmmaker
• 1977 - Raúl Tamudo, Spanish footballer
• 1978 - Enrique Bernoldi, Brazilian race car driver
• 1978 - Zakhar Dubenskiy, Russian footballer
• 1978 - Henri Sorvali, Finnish musician
• 1979 - Brian Robertson, American trombonist
• 1979 - José Luis "Parejita" López, Mexican footballer
• 1980 - Benjamin Salisbury, American actor
• 1981 - Heikki Kovalainen, Finnish race car driver
• 1982 - Gonzalo Pineda, Mexican footballer

Deaths

• 727 - Saint Frideswide
• 1187 - Pope Urban III
• 1216 - King John
• 1432 - John de Mowbray, 2nd Duke of Norfolk, English politician (b. 1392)
• 1587 - Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (b. 1541)
• 1608 - Martin Delrio, Flemish theologian and occultist (b. 1551)
• 1636 - Marcin Kazanowski, Polish politician
• 1682 - Thomas Browne, English writer (b. 1605)
• 1723 - Godfrey Kneller, German-born painter (b. 1646)
• 1745 - Jonathan Swift, Irish author (b. 1667)
• 1790 - Lyman Hall, American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1724)
• 1813 - Józef Antoni Poniatowski, Polish prince and Marshal of France (friendly fire) (b. 1763)
• 1842 - Aleksey Koltsov, Russian poet (b. 1808)
• 1851 - Marie Thérèse Charlotte (b. 1778)
• 1856 - William Sprague III, American politician from Rhode Island (b. 1799)
• 1889 - King Louis of Portugal (b. 1838)
• 1897 - George Pullman, American inventor and industrialist (b. 1831)
• 1901 - Carl Frederik Tietgen, Danish financier and industrialist (b. 1829)
• 1918 - Harold Lockwood, American actor (b. 1887)
• 1936 - Lu Xun, Chinese writer (b. 1881)
• 1937 - Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, New Zealand physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry (b. 1871)
• 1943 - Camille Claudel, French sculptor (b. 1864)
• 1950 - Edna St. Vincent Millay, American poet (b. 1892)
• 1956 - Isham Jones, American musician (b. 1894)
• 1960 - George Wallace, Australian vaudevillian and film comedian (b. 1895)
• 1973 - Walt Kelly, American cartoonist (b. 1913)
• 1978 - Gig Young, American actor (b. 1913)
• 1983 - Maurice Bishop, Prime Minister of Grenada (b. 1944)
• 1985 - Alfred Rouleau, French Canadian businessman (b. 1915)
• 1986 - Dele Giwa, Nigerian journalist
• 1986 - Samora Machel, President of Mozambique (b. 1933)
• 1987 - Jacqueline Du Pré, English cellist (b. 1945)
• 1987 - Hermann Lang, German race car driver (b. 1909)
• 1988 - Son House, American musician (b. 1902)
• 1994 - Martha Raye, American comedian and actress (b. 1916)
• 1995 - Don Cherry, American jazz trumpet player (b. 1936)
• 1997 - Glen Buxton, American guitarist (b. 1947)
• 1999 - Nathalie Sarraute, Russian-born French writer (b. 1900)
• 1999 - James C. Murray, American politician (b. 1917)
• 2000 - Hortense Ellis, Jamaican reggae singer (b. 1941)
• 2003 - Alija Izetbegović, President of Bosnia-Herzegovina (b. 1925)
• 2003 - Margaret Murie, American conservationist (b. 1902)
• 2003 - Michael Hegstrand, American professional wrestler (b. 1960)
• 2004 - Elliott Smith, American Singer Songwriter(b. 1969)
• 2005 - Dallas Cook, American musician (Suburban Legends) (b. 1982)
• 2005 - Corinne Lévesque, wife of Quebec premier René Lévesque (b. 1943)
• 2006 - James Glennon, American cinematographer (b. 1942)
• 2007 - LaLa Brown, American singer (b. 1986)
• 2007 - Dr. Randall Forsberg, American nuclear freeze advocate (b. 1943)
• 2007 - Michael Maidens, English footballer with Hartlepool United (b. 1987)
• 2007 - Jan Wolkers, Dutch writer (b. 1925)

Holidays and observances

• Roman festivals - Armilustrium in honor of Mars
• Roman Catholic Saints - Saints Jean de Brébeuf, Isaac Jogues, and Companions; Saint Frideswide
• Also see October 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
• Albania - Mother Teresa Day.
• Brazil - Independence Day of State of Piauí
• Niue - Constitution Day in honour of the country's independence (self-governing in free association with New Zealand) in 1974.
• French Republican Calendar - Tomate (Tomato) Day, twenty-eighth day in the Month of Vendémiaire
• Aaron, a saint of the Coptic Church
• Hindu Festivals, Concluding of Navratri Festival of India. It is a nine day festival attributed to the Goddess Durga, the Supreme-Divine manifested in form of Mother. The 10th day, Hindus celebrate Dasara, the mark of Lord Rama's victory over demon Ravana - Goddess Durga Day.

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada