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October 11

October 11 is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. There are 81 days remaining until the end of the year.

Events

• 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli is killed in battle with the Roman Catholic cantons of Switzerland.
• 1582 - Because of the implementation of the Gregorian calendar, this day does not exist in this year in Italy, Poland, Portugal and Spain, often causing widespread panic to the natives.
• 1614 - Adriaen Block and 12 Amsterdam merchants petition the States General for exclusive trading rights in the New Netherland colony.
• 1634 - the Burchardi flood — "the second Grote Mandrenke" killed around 15,000 men in North Friesland, Denmark and Germany.
• 1776 - American Revolution: Battle of Valcour Island - On Lake Champlain 15 American gunboats are defeated but give Patriot forces enough time to prepare defenses of New York City.
• 1809 - Along the Natchez Trace in Tennessee, explorer Meriwether Lewis dies under mysterious circumstances at an inn called Grinder's Stand.
• 1811 - Inventor John Stevens' boat, the Juliana, begins operation as the first steam-powered ferry (service between New York, New York, and Hoboken, New Jersey).
• 1852 - The University of Sydney, Australia's oldest university, is inaugurated in Sydney.
• 1862 - American Civil War: In the aftermath of the Battle of Antietam, Confederate General J.E.B. Stuart and his men loot Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, during a raid into the north.
• 1864 - Campina Grande, Brazil was established as a city.
• 1865 - Paul Bogle led hundreds of black men and women in a march in Jamaica, starting the Morant Bay rebellion.
• 1890 - In Washington, DC, the Daughters of the American Revolution is founded.
• 1899 - Second Boer War begins: In South Africa, a war between the United Kingdom and the Boers of the Transvaal and Orange Free State erupts. The Western League was renamed the American League.
• 1906 - San Francisco public school board sparks United States diplomatic crisis with Japan by ordering Japanese students to be taught in racially segregated schools.
• 1910 - Ex-president Theodore Roosevelt becomes the first U.S. president to fly in an airplane. He flew for four minutes with Arch Hoxsey in a plane built by the Wright Brothers at Kinloch Field (Lambert-St. Louis International Airport), St. Louis, Missouri.
• 1918 - Major Tsumani shakes Caribbean
• 1929 - JC Penney opens store #1252 in Milford, Delaware, making it a nationwide company with stores in all 48 U.S. states.
• 1930 - Collingwood Football Club in Melbourne, Australia, won the VFL premiership for the fourth consecutive year.
• 1941 - Beginning of the National Liberation War of Macedonia.
• 1942 - World War II: Battle of Cape Esperance - On the northwest coast of Guadalcanal, United States Navy ships intercept and defeat a Japanese fleet on their way to reinforce troops on the island.
• 1944 - Tuvinian People's Republic or formerly Tannu Tuva was annexed by the U.S.S.R
• 1950 - The U.S. Federal Communications Commission issues the first license to broadcast television in color, to CBS (RCA will successfully dispute and block the license from taking effect, however, in an attempt to refine the psycotropic effects).
• 1954 - First Indochina War: The Viet Minh take control of North Vietnam.
• 1957 The Orbit of the last stage of the R-7 Semyorka rocket carrying Sputnik I was first successfully calculated on an IBM 704 computer by teams at The M.I.T. Computation Center and Operation Moonwatch, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
• 1958 - Pioneer program: NASA launches the lunar probe Pioneer 1 (the probe falls back to Earth and burns up).
• 1962 - Second Vatican Council: Pope John XXIII convenes the first ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church in 92 years.
• 1967 - Afghan Prime Minister Mohammad Hashim Maiwandwal resigns for health reasons
• 1968 - Apollo program: NASA launches Apollo 7, the first successful manned Apollo mission, with astronauts Wally Schirra, Donn F. Eisele and Walter Cunningham aboard.
• 1975 - The NBC sketch comedy/variety show Saturday Night Live debuts with George Carlin as the host and Janis Ian and Billy Preston as musical guests.
• 1976 - George Washington's appointment, posthumously, to the grade of General of the Armies of the United States by congressional joint resolution Public Law 94-479 was approved by President Gerald R. Ford.
• 1982 - The Mary Rose, a Tudor gunship which sunk on July 18 1545, is raised from the sea bed in the Solent Channel, near Portsmouth.
• 1984 - Aboard the Space Shuttle Challenger, astronaut Kathryn D. Sullivan becomes the first American woman to perform a space walk.
• 1986 - Cold War: U.S. President Ronald Reagan and Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev meet in Reykjavík, Iceland, in an effort to continue discussions about scaling back their intermediate missile arsenals in Europe. G
• 1998 - A Congo Airlines Boeing 727 is shot down by rebels in Kindu, Democratic Republic of the Congo, killing 40 people.
• 2000 - The 100th Space Shuttle mission (STS-92) is flown.
• 2001 - The Polaroid Corporation files for federal bankruptcy protection.
• 2002 - A bomb attack in a shopping mall in Vantaa, Finland kills seven.

Births

• 1335 - Taejo of Joseon, ruler of Korea (d. 1408)
• 1616 - Andreas Gryphius, German writer (d. 1664)
• 1661 - Melchior de Polignac, French diplomat (d. 1742)
• 1671 - Frederick IV of Denmark (d. 1730)
• 1671 - Richard Moungler (d. 1730)
• 1672 - Pylyp Orlyk, Ukrainian Zaporozhian Cossack starshina, diplomat (d. 1742)
• 1675 - Samuel Clarke, English philosopher (d. 1729)
• 1738 - Arthur Phillip, Governor of New South Wales (d. 1814)
• 1758 - Heinrich Wilhelm Matthäus Olbers, German astronomer (d. 1840)
• 1786 - Stevenson Archer, American Congressman (d. 1848)
• 1788 - Simon Sechter, Austrian music teacher (d. 1867)
• 1809 - Orson Squire Fowler, American phrenologist (d. 1887)
• 1814 - Jean Baptiste Lamy, first Archbishop of Santa Fe (d. 1888)
• 1815 - Pierre Napoleon Bonaparte, Italian-born adventurer (d. 1881)
• 1821 - George Williams, English founder of the YMCA (d. 1905)
• 1844 - Henry Heinz, American food manufacturer (d. 1916)
• 1865 - Hans E. Kinck, Norwegian author and philologist (d. 1926)
• 1871 - Johan Oscar Smith, Norweigian religious leader (d. 1943)
• 1872 - Harlan Fiske Stone, 12th Chief Justice of the United States (d. 1946)
• 1881 - Hans Kelsen, Austrian legal theorist (d. 1973)
• 1884 - Friedrich Bergius, German chemist, Nobel laureate (d. 1949)
• 1884 - Eleanor Roosevelt, First Lady of the United States (d. 1962)
• 1884 - Sig Ruman, German-American actor (d. 1967)
• 1885 - François Mauriac, French author, Nobel laureate (d. 1970)
• 1895 - Jakov Gotovac, Croatian composer (d. 1982)
• 1897 - Nathan Twining, USAF general (d. 1982)
• 1899 - Eddie Dyer, American baseball player (d. 1964)
• 1902 - Jayaprakash Narayan, Indian freedom fighter and political leader (d. 1979)
• 1905 - Fred Trump, American real estate developer, father of Donald Trump (d. 1999)
• 1918 - Jerome Robbins, American choreographer (d. 1998)
• 1919 - Art Blakey, American jazz drummer (d. 1990)
• 1919 - Jean Vander Pyl, American voice actress (d. 1999)
• 1924 - Mal Whitfield, American athlete
• 1925 - Elmore Leonard, American novelist
• 1926 - Neville Wran, Premier of New South Wales
• 1926 - Nhất Hạnh, Vietnamese Zen Buddhist monk
• 1927 - Princess Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium (d. 2005)
• 1928 - Alfonso de Portago, Spanish race car driver (d. 1957)
• 1929 - Liselotte Pulver, Swiss actress
• 1930 - Sam Johnson, American politician
• 1930 - LaVell Edwards, American football coach
• 1932 - Dottie West, American singer (d. 1991)
• 1936 - Billy Higgins, American jazz drummer (d. 2001)
• 1937 - Sir Bobby Charlton, English footballer
• 1937 - R. H. W. Dillard, American poet
• 1939 - Maria Bueno, Brazilian tennis player
• 1939 - Austin Currie, Northern Irish politician
• 1941 - Lester Bowie, American jazz trumpeter (d. 1999)
• 1941 - Charles Shyer, American film director
• 1942 - Amitabh Bachchan, Indian actor
• 1943 - John Nettles, English actor
• 1944 - Mike Fiore, American baseball player
• 1944 - Rodney Marsh, English Footballer
• 1946 - Sawao Kato, Japanese gymnast
• 1946 - Oba Chandler, American convicted murderer
• 1946 - Daryl Hall, American musician
• 1946 - Gary Mallaber, American musician (The Steve Miller Band)
• 1947 - Al Atkins, English musician
• 1947 - Lucas Papademos, Greek economist
• 1947 - Thomas Boswell, American sports columnist
• 1948 - Cecilia, Spanish singer-songwriter
• 1950 - Patty Murray, American politician, senior senator from Washington
• 1951 - Jean-Jacques Goldman, French singer/songwriter
• 1953 - David Morse, American actor
• 1956 - Nicanor Duarte Frutos, President of Paraguay
• 1957 - Paul Bown, English actor
• 1957 - Dawn French, Welsh comedian
• 1959 - Wayne Gardner, Australian racing driver
• 1960 - Curt Ford, American baseball player
• 1961 - Neil Buchanan, English television presenter
• 1961 - Amr Diab, Egyptian singer
• 1961 - Steve Young, American football player
• 1962 - Nicola Bryant, English actress
• 1962 - Joan Cusack, American actress
• 1963 - Prince Faisal bin Al Hussein of Jordan
• 1963 - Ronny Rosenthal, Israeli footballer
• 1964 - Michael J. Nelson, American actor
• 1965 - Alexander Hacke, German musician (Einstürzende Neubauten)
• 1965 - Sean Patrick Flanery, American actor
• 1966 - Solofa Fatu, aka Rikishi, American professional wrestler
• 1966 - Luke Perry, American actor
• 1967 - Tony Chimel, American professional wrestling announcer
• 1967 - Artie Lange, American actor and comedian
• 1967 - David Starr, American race car driver
• 1967 - Tazz, American professional wrestler and commentator
• 1968 - Claude Lapointe, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1968 - Jane Krakowski, American actress
• 1969 - Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands
• 1970 - Chidi Ahanotu, American football player
• 1970 - Andy Marriott, English footballer
• 1970 - MC Lyte, American rapper
• 1970 - U-God, American rapper (Wu-Tang Clan)
• 1970 - Constance Zimmer, American actress
• 1971 - MC Lyte, American rapper
• 1971 - Petra Haden, American musician (The Rentals)
• 1971 - Jason Ellis, Australian professional skateboarder
• 1972 - Claudia Black, Australian actress
• 1973 - Takeshi Kaneshiro, actor/model
• 1973 - Steven Pressley, Scottish footballer
• 1973 - Mike Smith, American guitarist (Snot, Limp Bizkit)
• 1973 - Dmitri Young, American baseball player
• 1973 - Niki Xanthou, Greek long jumper
• 1974 - Jason Arnott, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1974 - Terje Haakonsen, Norwegian snowboarder
• 1976 - Emily Deschanel, American actress
• 1976 - Brent Bennett, American mercenary
• 1977 - Matthew Bomer, American actor
• 1977 - Desmond Mason, American basketball player
• 1977 - Claudia Palacios, Colombian television journalist
• 1977 - Ty Wigginton, American baseball player
• 1978 - Kali, Angolan footballer
• 1979 - Bae Doona, South Korean model and actress
• 1979 - Andy Douglas, American professional wrestler
• 1979 - Gabe Saporta, Uruguayan-born American musician (Cobra Starship, Midtown)
• 1980 - Nyron Nosworthy, English footballer
• 1981 - Beau Brady, Australian Actor
• 1983 - William Sledd, American internet personality
• 1983 - Ruslan Ponomariov, Ukrainian chess player
• 1984 - Sergio Hellings, Dutch footballer
• 1984 - Martha MacIsaac, Canadian actress
• 1985 - Michelle Trachtenberg, American actress
• 1987 - Mike Conley, Jr., American basketball player
• 1989 - Mr. Celestin, American Musician
• 1989 - Henry Lau, member of Korean Boy Band Super Junior M
• 1989 - Michelle Wie, American golfer
• 1991 - Chauncey Matthews, American Juniors singer
• 1995 - Princess Luisa Maria of Belgium, Archduchess of Austria-Este

Deaths

• 1188 - Robert I of Dreux, son of Louis VI of France
• 1303 - Pope Boniface VIII
• 1347 - Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1282)
• 1424 - Jan Žižka, leader of the Hussites (b. 1360)
• 1531 - Huldrych Zwingli, Swiss Protestant leader (b. 1484)
• 1705 - Guillaume Amontons, French physicist and instrument maker (b. 1663)
• 1708 - Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus, German mathematician (b. 1651)
• 1721 - Edward Colston, English merchant and philanthropist (b. 1636)
• 1725 - Hans Herr, Swiss-born Mennonite bishop (b. 1639)
• 1779 - Kazimierz Pułaski, Polish fighter for American independence (b. 1745)
• 1809 - Meriwether Lewis, American explorer (b. 1774)
• 1811 - Johann Conrad Ammann, Swiss physician and naturalist (b. 1724)
• 1821 - John Ross Key, American judge and lawyer (b. 1754)
• 1852 - Ferdinand Eisenstein, German mathematician (b. 1823)
• 1889 - James Prescott Joule, English physicist (b. 1818)
• 1896 - Anton Bruckner, Austrian composer (b. 1824)
• 1896 - Edward White Benson, Archbishop of Canterbury (b. 1829)
• 1935 - Steele Rudd, Australian author (b. 1868)
• 1940 - Lluís Companys, President of Generalitat of Catalonia (shot) (b. 1882)
• 1940 - Vito Volterra, Italian mathematician and physicist (b. 1860)
• 1961 - Chico Marx, American comedian (b. 1887)
• 1963 - Jean Cocteau, French writer (b. 1889)
• 1963 - Édith Piaf, French singer and actress (b. 1915)
• 1965 - Dorothea Lange, American photographer (b. 1895)
• 1965 - Walther Stampfli, member of the Swiss Federal Council (b. 1884)
• 1971 - Chesty Puller, the most decorated Marine in history (b. 1898)
• 1976 - Alfredo Bracchi, Italian author (b. 1897)
• 1977 - MacKinlay Kantor, American author (b. 1904)
• 1988 - Bonita Granville, American actress (b. 1923)
• 1989 - M. King Hubbert, American geophysicist (b. 1904)
• 1991 - Steven Jesse Bernstein, American underground poet (suicide) (b. 1950)
• 1991 - Redd Foxx, American comedian and actor (b. 1922)
• 1993 - Jess Thomas, American tenor (b. 1927)
• 1996 - Lars Ahlfors, Finnish mathematician (b. 1907)
• 1996 - Joe Morris, C.C., LL.D., Canadian trade unionist (b. 1913)
• 1996 - Renato Russo, Brazilian rock singer-songwriter (b. 1960)
• 1998 - Richard Denning, American actor (b. 1914)
• 2000 - Donald Dewar, First Minister of Scotland (b. 1937)
• 2002 - Dina Pathak, Indian Actress (b. 1922)
• 2004 - Keith Miller, Australian sportsman (b. 1919)
• 2005 - Edward Szczepanik, Polish economist and Prime Minister in exile (b. 1915)
• 2005 - Shan-ul-Haq Haqqee, Linguist, and writer of Pakistan (b. 1917)
• 2006 - Cory Lidle, American baseball pitcher (b. 1972)
• 2006 - Howard Kerzner, Chief Executive Officer of Kerzner International (b. 1964)
• 2006 - Benito Martínez, Cuban who claimed to be the oldest person, died mildly ironically. Family didn't mourn - mostly dead also. (b. ?1880)
• 2007 - Werner von Trapp, member of the Trapp Family Singers (b. 1915)
• 2007 - David Lee "Tex" Hill, World War Two fighter pilot, flying ace, 1st American Volunteer Group (b. 1915)

Holidays and observances

• Roman Empire - Meditrinalia is held in honor of Meditrina
• RC Saints - memorial of the blessed Pope John XXIII; Saints Andronicus, Probus, and Tarachus; Alexander Sauli;
• United States - National Coming Out Day
• Republic of Macedonia - Revolution Day

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada