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January 11

January 11 is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. There are 354 days remaining until the end of the year (355 in leap years).

Events

• 1055 - Theodora is crowned Empress of the Byzantine Empire.
• 1158 - Vladislav II becomes King of Bohemia.
• 1569 - First recorded lottery in England.
• 1571 - Austrian nobility is granted freedom of religion.
• 1693 - Mt. Etna erupts in Sicily, Italy. A powerful earthquake destroys parts of Sicily and Malta.
• 1759 - In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the first American life insurance company is incorporated.
• 1779 - Ching-Thang Khomba is crowned King of Manipur.
• 1787 - William Herschel discovers Titania and Oberon, two moons of Uranus.
• 1794 - Robert Forsythe, a U.S. Marshal is killed in Augusta, Georgia when trying to serve court papers, the first US marshal to die while carrying out his duties.
• 1805 - The Michigan Territory is created.
• 1861 - Alabama secedes from the United States.
• 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Arkansas Post - General John McClernand and Admiral David Dixon Porter capture the Arkansas River for the Union.
• 1867 - Benito Juárez becomes the Mexican president again.
• 1879 - The Anglo-Zulu War begins.
• 1908 - Grand Canyon National Monument is created.
• 1912 - The Lawrence textile strike begins in Lawrence, Massachusetts.
• 1917 - The Kingsland munitions factory explosion occurs as a result of sabotage.
• 1919 - Romania annexes Transylvania.
• 1922 - First use of insulin to treat diabetes in a human patient.
• 1923 - Troops from France and Belgium occupy the Ruhr area to force Germany to make its reparation payments.
• 1935 - Amelia Earhart is the first woman to fly solo from Hawaii to California.
• 1942 - Japan declares war on the Netherlands and invades the Netherlands East Indies.
• 1942 - The Japanese capture Kuala Lumpur.
• 1943 - The United States and United Kingdom give up territorial rights in China.
• 1946 - Enver Hoxha declares the People's Republic of Albania with himself as dictator.
• 1949 - First recorded case of snowfall in Los Angeles, California.
• 1957 - The African Convention is founded in Dakar.
• 1957 - Mass-murderer Jack Gilbert Graham is executed via the Gas Chamber.
• 1962 - An avalanche on Huascaran in Peru causes 4,000 deaths.
• 1964 - United States Surgeon General Dr. Luther Leonidas Terry, M.D., publishes a report saying that smoking may be hazardous to health. It is the first such statement ever made by the U.S. government.
• 1972 - East Pakistan renames itself Bangladesh.
• 1973 - The Open University, Britain's distance-learning university, awards its first degrees.
• 1986 - The Gateway Bridge, Brisbane in Queensland, Australia is officially opened.
• 1990 - 300,000 march in favor of Lithuanian independence.
• 1994 - The Irish Government announces the end of a 15-year broadcasting ban on the IRA and its political arm Sinn Féin.
• 1996 - Haiti becomes a member of the Berne Convention copyright treaty.
• 1998 - Sidi-Hamed massacre takes place in Algeria, over 100 people are killed.
• 2001 - The Federal Trade Commission approves the merger of AOL and Time Warner to form AOL Time Warner.

Births

• 347 - Emperor Theodosius I "The Great" of Rome (d. 395)
• 889 - Abd-ar-Rahman III, Emir and Caliph of Cordoba (d. 961)
• 1322 - Emperor Komyo of Japan (d. 1380)
• 1359 - Emperor Go-En'yu of Japan (d. 1393)
• 1395 - Michelle of Valois, Duchess of Burgundy (d. 1422)
• 1503 - Parmigianino, Italian artist (d. 1540)
• 1591 - Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex, English Civil War general (d. 1646)
• 1630 - John Rogers, American President of Harvard in the US (d. 1684)
• 1671 - François-Marie, 1st duc de Broglie, French military leader (d. 1745)
• 1723 - Prithvi Narayan Shah, began the unification of modern Nepal (d. 1774)
• 1755 - Alexander Hamilton, 1st United States Secretary of the Treasury (d. 1804)
• 1757 - Samuel Bentham, English mechanical engineer (d. 1831)
• 1788 - William Thomas Brande, English chemist (d. 1866)
• 1800 - Ányos Jedlik, Hungarian physicist (d. 1895)
• 1807 - Ezra Cornell, American businessman and university founder (d. 1874)
• 1814 - James Paget, British surgeon and pathologist (d. 1899)
• 1815 - John A. Macdonald, 1st Prime Minister of Canada (d. 1891)
• 1825 - Bayard Taylor, U.S. poet and writer (d. 1878
• 1839 - Eugenio Maria de Hostos, Puerto Rican educator, philosopher and nationalist (d. 1903)
• 1842 - William James, American psychologist and philosopher (d. 1910)
• 1843 - Charles Yelverton O'Connor, Irish-Australian engineer (d. 1902)
• 1845 - Albert Victor Bäcklund, Swedish physicist (d. 1912)
• 1850 - Joseph Charles Arthur, American botanist (d. 1942)
• 1852 - Konstantin Fehrenbach, Chancellor of Germany (d. 1926)
• 1853 - Georgios Jakobides, Greek painter (d. 1926)
• 1856 - Christian Sinding, Norwegian composer (d. 1932)
• 1857 - Fred Archer, English jockey (d. 1886)
• 1858 - Harry Gordon Selfridge, American retailer (d. 1947)
• 1859 - Lord George Nathaniel Curzon, British statesman, Viceroy of India (d. 1925)
• 1864 - Thomas Dixon, American playwright, lecturer, North Carolina state legislator, lawyer, and author (d. 1946)
• 1867 - Edward B. Titchener, British psychologist. (d. 1927)
• 1868 - Cai Yuanpei, Chinese educator (d. 1940)
• 1870 - Alexander Stirling Calder, American sculptor (d. 1945)
• 1872 - George Washington Pierce, American physicist (d. 1956)
• 1873 - John Callan O'Laughlin, American political and military figure and journalist (d. 1949)
• 1875 - Reinhold Glière, Russian composer (d. 1956)
• 1876 - Elmer Flick, American baseball player (d. 1971)
• 1885 - Jack Hoxie, American actor, rodeo performer (d. 1965)
• 1885 - Alice Paul, American women's rights activist (d. 1977)
• 1887 - Aldo Leopold, American ecologist (d. 1948)
• 1888 - Chester Conklin, American comedian and actor (d. 1971)
• 1889 - Calvin Bridges, American geneticist (d. 1938)
• 1890 - Oswald de Andrade, Brazilian author (d.1954)
• 1895 - Laurens Hammond, American inventor of the Hammond organ (d. 1973)
• 1897 - August Heissmeyer, German SS officer (d. 1979)
• 1899 - Eva Le Gallienne, English-American actress (d. 1991)
• 1901 - Kwon Ki-ok, first Korean female pilot (d. 1988)
• 1902 - Maurice Duruflé, French composer (d. 1986)
• 1903 - Alan Paton, South African writer (d. 1988)
• 1905 - Clyde Kluckhohn, American anthropologist (d. 1960)
• 1905 - Manfred B Lee, U.S. writer, co-eponym of Ellery Queen (d. 1971)
• 1906 - Albert Hofmann, Swiss chemist (d. 2008)
• 1907 - Pierre Mendès-France, French politician (d. 1982)
• 1908 - Lionel Stander, American actor (d. 1994)
• 1910 - Sir Shane Paltridge, Australian politician (d. 1966)
• 1910 - Nikos Kavvadias, Greek poet and writer (d. 1975)
• 1910 - Izler Solomon, American conductor (d. 1987)
• 1911 - Nora Heysen, Australian artist (d. 2003)
• 1911 - Zenko Suzuki, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 2004)
• 1915 - Robert Blair Mayne, British soldier, co-founder Special Air Service (d. 1955)
• 1916 - Bernard Blier, French actor (d. 1989)
• 1917 - John Robarts, Canadian politician, Premier of Ontario (d. 1982)
• 1921 - Gory Guerrero, professional wrestler (d. 1990)
• 1921 - Juanita M. Kreps, former U.S. Secretary of Commerce
• 1923 - Carroll Shelby, American race car driver, automobile designer and businessman
• 1924 - Slim Harpo, American musician (d. 1970)
• 1924 - Sam B. Hall, American politician (d. 1994)
• 1924 - Don Cherry, American singer and golfer
• 1924 - Roger Guillemin, French neuroendocrinologist, Nobel laureate
• 1925 - Grant Tinker, American television executive
• 1926 - Lev Demin, Soviet cosmonaut (d. 1998)
• 1928 - David L. Wolper, American television producer
• 1930 - Ron Mulock, Australian politician
• 1930 - Rod Taylor, Australian actor
• 1931 - Betty Churcher, director of the National Gallery of Australia
• 1932 - Alfonso Arau, Mexican film director
• 1934 - Jean Chrétien, 20th Prime Minister of Canada
• 1934 - Sir Charles Antony Richard Hoare, Computer scientist
• 1935 - Ghita Nørby, Danish actress
• 1938 - Fischer Black, American economist (d. 1995)
• 1938 - Arthur Scargill, Socialist Labour Party (UK) leader
• 1939 - Anne Heggtveit, Canadian alpine skier
• 1941 - Gérson, Brazilian footballer
• 1942 - Clarence Clemons, American musician (E Street Band)
• 1943 - Jim Hightower, American radio host and author
• 1944 - Mohammed Abed Elhai, Sudanese writer and academic (d. 1989)
• 1944 - Shibu Soren, Indian politician
• 1945 - Christine Kaufmann, German-Austrian actress
• 1945 - Samdech Preah Sanghareach Bour Kry, Supreme Patriarch of the Cambodian Dhammayutt Order
• 1946 - Naomi Judd, American singer
• 1946 - Tony Kaye, British keyboard player (Yes)
• 1946 - John Piper, American theologian
• 1949 - Daryl Braithwaite, Australian rock singer
• 1951 - Willie Maddren, English former footballer (d. 2000)
• 1952 - Bille Brown, Australian actor and playwright
• 1952 - Ben Crenshaw, American golfer
• 1952 - Michael Forshaw, Australian politician
• 1952 - Lee Ritenour, American musician and composer
• 1953 - John Sessions, Scottish actor
• 1956 - Robert Earl Keen, American singer
• 1957 - Bryan Robson, English footballer and manager
• 1958 - Vicki Peterson, American musician (The Bangles)
• 1958 - Diego León Montoya Sánchez, former Columbian crime boss
• 1959 - Rob Ramage, Canadian ice hockey player
• 1961 - Jasper Fforde, British author
• 1961 - Karl von Habsburg-Lothringen (Károly), Archduke, Prince Imperial of Austria, Prince Royal of Hungary
• 1962 - Susan Lindauer, American peace activist and accused spy
• 1963 - Tracy Caulkins, U.S. Olympic swimmer
• 1963 - Dean Reynolds, English snooker player
• 1965 - Roland Scholten, Dutch Darts Player
• 1966 - Marc Acito, American novelist and humorist
• 1966 - Kelley Law, Canadian curler
• 1967 - Derek Riddell, Scottish actor
• 1968 - Anders Borg, Swedish politician
• 1968 - Tom Dumont, American musician
• 1969 - Manny Acta, Dominican baseball player
• 1969 - Kyle Richards, American actress
• 1970 - Chris Jent, American basketball player and coach
• 1970 - Malcolm D. Lee, American actor, film director, and screenwriter.
• 1971 - Mary J. Blige, American singer
• 1972 - Marc Blucas, American actor
• 1972 - Amanda Peet, American actress
• 1973 - Joanna Brodzik, Polish actress
• 1973 - Rahul Dravid, Indian cricketer
• 1973 - Rockmond Dunbar, American actor
• 1974 - Cody McKay, Canadian baseball player
• 1974 - Jens Nowotny, German footballer
• 1975 - Rory Fitzpatrick, American ice hockey player
• 1976 - Efthimios Rentzias, Greek basketball player
• 1977 - Shomari Buchanan, American football player
• 1977 - Nadia Turner, American singer
• 1978 - Michael Duff, Northern Irish footballer
• 1978 - Emile Heskey, English footballer
• 1979 - Darren Lynn Bousman, American film director
• 1979 - Siti Nurhaliza, Malaysian singer
• 1980 - Mike Williams, American football player
• 1980 - Deanna Wright, American actress
• 1981 - Jamelia, English singer
• 1981 - Tom Meighan, British singer (Kasabian)
• 1982 - Ashley Taylor Dawson, British actor and singer
• 1982 - Son Ye-jin, South Korean actress
• 1983 - Matthew Palleschi, Canadian soccer player
• 1983 - Adrian Sutil, German racing driver
• 1985 - Rie fu, Japanese singer
• 1985 - Kazuki Nakajima, Japanese racing driver
• 1987 - Scotty Cranmer, American professional BMX rider
• 1993 - Flora Cross, American actress

Deaths

• 314 - St. Miltiades
• 705 - Pope John VI
• 802 - St. Paulinus II of Aquileia
• 812 - Staurakios, Byzantine Emperor
• 844 - Michael I Rhangabes, Byzantine Emperor
• 1055 - Constantine IX Monomachos, Byzantine Emperor (b. 1000)
• 1083 - Otto of Nordheim, Duke of Bavaria (c. 1020)
• 1494 - Domenico Ghirlandaio, Italian artist (b. 1449)
• 1495 - Pedro González de Mendoza, Spanish cardinal and statesman (b. 1428)
• 1547 - Pietro Bembo, Italian author, literary theorist, and Catholic cardinal (b. 1470)
• 1641 - Juan Martínez de Jáuregui y Aguilar, Spanish poet (b. 1583)
• 1696 - Charles Albanel, French missionary explorer in Canada (b. 1616)
• 1703 - Johann Georg Graevius, German classical scholar and critic (b. 1632)
• 1713 - Pierre Jurieu, French Protestant leader (b. 1637)
• 1735 - Danilo I , Vladika of Montenegro (b. c. 1670)
• 1753 - Sir Hans Sloane, Ulster-Scot physician and collector (b. 1660)
• 1762 - Louis-François Roubiliac, French sculptor (b. 1695)
• 1763 - Caspar Abel, German theologian, historian, and poet (b. 1676)
• 1771 - Jean-Baptiste de Boyer, Marquis d'Argens, French writer (b. 1704)
• 1775 - Prithvi Narayan Shah, began the unification of modern Nepal (b. 1723)
• 1791 - William Williams Pantycelyn, Welsh hymnist (b. 1717)
• 1801 - Domenico Cimarosa, Italian composer (b. 1749)
• 1836 - John Molson, Canadian brewer (b. 1763)
• 1843 - Francis Scott Key, American lawyer and writer of the American national anthem (b. 1779)
• 1867 - Sir Stuart Donaldson, first Premier of the Colony of New South Wales (b. 1812)
• 1882 - Theodor Schwann, German physiologist (b. 1810)
• 1891 - Baron Georges Haussmann, French civic planner whose name is associated with the rebuilding of Paris (b. 1809)
• 1901 - Vasily Kalinnikov, Russian composer (b. 1866)
• 1902 - Johnny Briggs, English cricketer (b. 1862)
• 1905 - Yehudah Aryeh Leib Alter, Hasidic rabbi (b. 1847)
• 1914 - Carl Jacobsen, Danish brewer and patron of the arts after whom the Carlsberg brewery was named (b. 1842)
• 1923 - King Constantine I of Greece (b. 1868)
• 1928 - Thomas Hardy, English writer (b. 1840)
• 1931 - James Milton Carroll, American Baptist pastor, leader, historian, and author (b. 1852)
• 1941 - Emanuel Lasker, German chess player (b. 1868)
• 1944 - Count Galeazzo Ciano, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Benito Mussolini's son-in-law (b. 1903)
• 1947 - Eva Tanguay, Canadian-born singer and entertainer (b. 1879)
• 1952 - Jean de Lattre de Tassigny, French general, posthumous Marshal of France (b. 1889)
• 1952 - Aureliano Pertile, Italian tenor (b. 1885)
• 1954 - Oscar Straus, Austrian composer (b. 1870)
• 1957 - Sir Robert Garran, Australian lawyer and early leading expert in Australian constitutional law (b. 1867)
• 1958 - Alec Rowley, English composer (b. 1892)
• 1958 - Edna Purviance, American actress (b. 1895)
• 1961 - Elena Gerhardt, German mezzo-soprano singer (b. 1883)
• 1966 - Hannes Kolehmainen, Finnish runner (b. 1889)
• 1966 - Alberto Giacometti, Swiss sculptor (b. 1901)
• 1966 - Lal Bahadur Shastri, third Prime Minister of independent India (b. 1904)
• 1968 - Isidor Isaac Rabi, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1898)
• 1969 - Richmal Crompton, British author (b. 1890)
• 1972 - Padraic Colum, Irish poet, novelist, dramatist, biographer and collector of folklore (b. 1881)
• 1975 - Max Lorenz, German heldentenor famous for Wagner roles (b. 1901)
• 1978 - Ibn-e-Insha, Pakistani humorist and Urdu poet (b. 1927)
• 1979 - Jack Soo, American actor (b. 1917)
• 1980 - Barbara Pym, English novelist (b. 1913)
• 1981 - Beulah Bondi, American actress (b. 1888)
• 1983 - Shri Ghanshyam Das Birla, Indian industrialist and educator (b. 1894)
• 1985 - Sir William McKell, Premier of New South Wales, Governor-General of Australia (b. 1891)
• 1986 - Sid Chaplin, UK novelist (b. 1916)
• 1987 - Albert Ferber, Swiss-English pianist (b. 1911)
• 1988 - Florence Knapp, American, one-time oldest person in the world (b. 1873)
• 1988 - Gregory "Pappy" Boyington, American WW II Marine aviator (b. 1912)
• 1991 - Carl David Anderson, American physicist, Nobel laureate (b. 1905)
• 1994 - Helmut Poppendick, Nazi physician (b. 1902)
• 1995 - Josef Gingold, Russian-American violinist (b. 1909)
• 1998 - Klaus Tennstedt, German conductor (b. 1926)
• 1999 - Naomi Mitchison, Scottish novelist and poet (b. 1897)
• 1999 - Brian Moore, Irish-born writer (b. 1921)
• 1999 - Fabrizio de André, Italian singer (b. 1940)
• 2000 - Betty Archdale, Anglo-Australian educationalist and cricketer (b. 1907)
• 2000 - Ivan Combe, American inventor (b. 1911)
• 2000 - Bob Lemon, American baseball player (b. 1920)
• 2001 - Sir Denys Lasdun, English architect (b. 1914)
• 2001 - Michael Williams, British actor, husband of Judi Dench (b. 1935)
• 2002 - Henri Verneuil, French playwright and film director (b. 1920)
• 2002 - Struan Sutherland, Australian medical researcher (b. 1936)
• 2003 - Richard Simmons, American actor (b. 1913)
• 2003 - Maurice Pialat, French actor and director (b. 1925)
• 2003 - Mickey Finn, English drummer (T. Rex) (b. 1947)
• 2005 - Miriam Hyde, Australian composer (b. 1913)
• 2005 - Spencer Dryden, American drummer (Jefferson Airplane) (b. 1938)
• 2005 - James Griffin, American musician (Bread) (b. 1943)
• 2005 - Fabrizio Meoni, Italian motorcyclist (b. 1957)
• 2006 - Markus Löffel (Mark Spoon), German DJ (b. 1966)
• 2006 - Nixzmary Brown, American child abuse victim (b. 1998)
• 2007 - Puchi Balseiro, Puerto Rican singer & songwriter (b. 1926)
• 2007 - Robert Anton Wilson, American author (b. 1932)
• 2007 - Solveig Dommartin, French-German actress (b. 1961)
• 2008 - Carl Karcher, founded the Carl's Jr. hamburger chain (b. 1917)
• 2008 - Sir Edmund Hillary, New Zealand mountaineer, the 1st person to climb Mt Everest in 1953 (b. 1919)

Holidays and observances

• Albania - Republic Day (1946)
• Morocco - Independence Resistance Day
• Nepal - Unity Day
• Puerto Rico - Eugenio Maria de Hostos Day
• Roman Empire - First day of Carmentalia in honor of Carmenta
• Paulinus of Aquileia
• Theodosius the Cenobiarch
• January 11 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)

External links

• BBC: On This Day
• The New York Times: On This Day
• On This Day in Canada