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Inner Mongolia

Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Mongolian : Öbür mongɣul-un öbertegen jasaqu orun[1] Chinese : 内蒙古自治区 Nèi Měnggǔ Zìzhìqū
Abbreviations: 内蒙古[1]  (pinyin: Nèi Měnggǔ)
Origin of name	Inner Mongolia is closer than Outer Mongolia to China proper
Administration type	Autonomous region
Capital	Hohhot
Largest city	Baotou
Official languages	Mandarin Mongolian
Designated Minority	Mongolian
CPC Ctte Secretary	Chu Bo 储波
Chairman	Bagatur 巴特尔
Area	1,183,000 km² (457,000 sq mi) (3rd)
Population (2004)  - Density	23,840,000 (23rd) 20.2 /km² (52 /sq mi) (28th)
GDP (2006)  - per capita	CNY 479 billion (17th) CNY 20,047 (10th)
HDI (2005)	0.738 (medium) (20th)
Nationalities percentage	Han - 79% Mongol - 17% Manchu - 2% Hui - 0.9% Daur - 0.3%
Prefecture-level	12 divisions
County-level	101 divisions
Township-level†	1425 divisions
ISO 3166-2	CN-15
Official website http://www.nmg.gov.cn (Simplified Chinese)
Source for population and GDP data: 《中国统计年鉴—2005》 China Statistical Yearbook 2005 ISBN 7503747382 Source for nationalities data: 《2000年人口普查中国民族人口资料》 Tabulation on nationalities of 2000 population census of China ISBN 7105054255 † As at December 31, 2004

Inner Mongolia (Mongolian: , Öbür mongɣul; Chinese: 内蒙古; pinyin: Nèi Měnggǔ; officially romanized to Nei Mongol) is the Mongol autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, although the majority of its population is Han Chinese.

Inner Mongolia borders, from east to west, the provinces of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Gansu, while to the north it borders Mongolia and Russia. It is the third-largest subdivision of China spanning almost 300 million acres or 12% of China's land area. It has a population of about 24 million as of 2004. The capital is Hohhot.

The official languages are Standard Mandarin and Mongolian, the latter written in the classical alphabet.

Contents 1 Name 2 History 3 Administrative divisions 4 Economy 5 Government and Politics 5.1 List of CPC Secretaries 5.2 List of Chairmen of Government 6 Demography 7 Culture 8 Tourism 9 Chinese space program 10 Miscellaneous topics 10.1 Colleges and universities 11 Notes and references 12 External links 13 See also

Name

In Chinese, the region is known as "Inner Mongolia", where the terms of "Inner/Outer" are derived from Manchu dorgi/tulergi. Inner Mongolia is distinct from Outer Mongolia, which was a term used by the Republic of China and previous governments to refer to what is now the independent state of Mongolia plus the Republic of Tuva in Russia. In Mongolian, the region is known as öbör mongγol where öbör can mean south, inner, front, bosom, breast. This is probably related to traditional Mongolian and Manchu world view where south is regarded as front, right as west, left as east and north as back. Some Mongolians use the name "Southern Mongolia" in English as well.

History

See also: History of Mongolia

Throughout most of history and time, central and western Inner Mongolia, especially the Hetao region, alternated in control between Chinese agriculturalists in the south and Xiongnu, Xianbei, Khitan, Nurchen, and Mongol nomads of the north. Eastern Inner Mongolia is properly speaking a part of Manchuria, and its historical narrative consists more of alternations between different groups there rather than the struggle between nomads and Chinese agriculturalists.

During the Zhou Dynasty, central and western Inner Mongolia (the Hetao region and surrounding areas) were inhabited by nomadic peoples such as the Loufan, Linhu, and Dí, while eastern Inner Mongolia was inhabited by the Donghu. During the Warring States Period, King Wuling (340–295 BC) of the state of Zhao based in what is now Hebei and Shanxi provinces pursued an expansionist policy towards the region. After destroying the Dí state of Zhongshan in what is now Hebei province, he defeated the Linhu and Loufan and created the commandery of Yunzhong near modern Hohhot. King Wuling of Zhao also built a long wall stretching through the Hetao region. After Qin Shihuang created the first unified Chinese empire in 221 BC, he sent the general Meng Tian to drive the Xiongnu from the region, and incorporated the old Zhao wall into the Qin Dynasty Great Wall of China. He also maintained two commanderies in the region: Jiuyuan and Yunzhong, and moved 30,000 households there to solidify the region. After the Qin Dynasty collapsed in 206 BC, these efforts were abandoned.

During the Western Han Dynasty, Emperor Wu sent the general Wei Qing to reconquer the Hetao region from the Xiongnu in 127 BC. After the conquest, Emperor Wu continued the policy of building settlements in Hetao to defend against the Xiong-Nu. In that same year he established the commanderies of Shuofang and Wuyuan in Hetao. At the same time, what is now eastern Inner Mongolia was controlled by the Xianbei, who would later on eclipse the Xiongnu in power and influence.

During the Eastern Han Dynasty (25–220 AD), Xiongnu who surrendered to the Han Dynasty began to be settled in Hetao, and intermingled with the Han immigrants in the area. Later on during the Western Jin Dynasty, it was a Xiongnu noble from Hetao, Liu Yuan, who established the Han Zhao kingdom in the region, thereby beginning the Sixteen Kingdoms period that saw the disintegration of northern China under a variety of Han and non-Han (including Xiongnu and Xianbei) regimes.

The Sui Dynasty (581–618) and Tang Dynasty (618–907) re-established a unified Chinese empire, and like their predecessors they conquered and settled people into Hetao, though once again these efforts were aborted when the Tang empire began to collapse. Hetao (along with the rest of what now consists Inner Mongolia) was then taken over by the Khitan Empire (Liao Dynasty), founded by the Khitans, a nomadic people originally from what is now the southern part of Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia. They were followed by Western Xia of the Tanguts, which took control of what is now the western part of Inner Mongolia (including western Hetao). The Khitans were later replaced by the Jurchens, precursors to the modern Manchus, who established the Jinn Dynasty over Manchuria and northern China.

Genghis Khan unified the Mongol tribes in 1206, conquered the Tanguts in 1227, the Jurchens in 1234, and his descendants completed his conquest of China in 1279, establishing the Yuan Dynasty. After the Yuan Dynasty was evicted from China by the Han Chinese Ming Dynasty in 1368, the Ming rebuilt the Great Wall of China at its present location, which roughly follows the southern border of the modern Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (though it deviates significantly at the Hebei-Inner Mongolia border).

The Manchus gained control of the Inner Mongolian tribes in the early 17th century, then invaded Ming China in 1644, bringing it under the control of their Qing Dynasty. Under the Manchu Qing dynasty (1644–1912), Mongolia was administered in a different way for each region:

• "Outer Mongolia": The four leagues (aimag) of the Khalkha Mongols in northern and central Mongolia, as well as the Tannu Uriankhai and Khovd regions in northwestern Mongolia, were overseen by the General of Uliastai at the city of Uliastai. This is equivalent to the modern independent state of Mongolia, the Russian-administered region of Tannu Uriankhai, and a part of northern Xinjiang.
• "Inner Mongolia": The banners and tribes of southern Mongolia came under six leagues (chuulghan): Jirim, Juu Uda, Josutu, Xilingol, Ulanqab, and Yeke Juu. This is equivalent to most of modern Inner Mongolia and some neighbouring areas in Liaoning and Jilin provinces.
• "Taoxi Mongolia": The Alashan Oolud and Ejine Torghuud banners were separate from the aimags of Outer Mongolia and the chuulghans of Inner Mongolia. This is equivalent to the westernmost part of modern Inner Mongolia.
• The Chahar Eight Banners were controlled by the military commander of Chahar (now Zhangjiakou). Their extent corresponds to southern Ulanqab and Bayan Nur in modern Inner Mongolia, plus the region around Zhangjiakou in Hebei province. At the same time, the jurisdiction of some border departments of Zhili and Shanxi provinces also overlapped into this region.
• The Guihua Tümed banner was controlled by the military commander of Suiyuan (now Hohhot). This corresponds to the vinicities of the modern city of Hohhot. At the same time, the jurisdiction of some border departments of Shanxi province also overlapped into this region.
• The Hulunbuir region, in what is now northeastern Inner Mongolia, was part of the jurisdiction of the General of Heilongjiang, one of the three generals of Manchuria.

Ordinary Mongols were not allowed to travel outside their own leagues. While there had been Han Chinese farmers in what is now Inner Mongolia since the time of Altan Khan, mass settlement began in the late nineteenth century. The Manchus were becoming increasingly sinicized, and faced with the Russian threat, they began to encourage Han Chinese farmers to settle in both Mongolia and Manchuria. This policy has been followed by subsequent governments. The railroads that were being built in these regions were especially useful to the Han Chinese settlers. Land was either sold by Mongol Princes, or leased to Han Chinese farmers, or simply taken away from the nomads and given to Han Chinese farmers.

During the Republic of China era, Outer Mongolia regained independence. At the same time, Inner Mongolia was reorganized into provinces:

• Rehe province was created to include the Juu Uda and Josutu leagues, plus the Chengde area in what is now northern Hebei.
• Chahar province was created to include Xilingol league as well as much of the former territory of the Eight Banners.
• Suiyuan province was created to include Ulanqab league, Yeke Juu league, and the Hetao region (former Guihua Tümed territory).
• Hulunbuir stayed within Heilongjiang in Manchuria, which had become a province.
• Most of Jirim league came under the new province of Fengtien in southern Manchuria.
• Taoxi Mongolia, i.e. Alashan and Ejine leagues, was incorporated into neighbouring Gansu province. Later on Ningxia province was split out of northern Gansu, and Taoxi Mongolia became part of Ningxia.

Some Republic of China maps still show this structure.

Manchuria came under the control of the Japanese puppet state Manchukuo in 1931, taking the Mongol areas in the Manchurian provinces (i.e. Hulunbuir and Jirim leagues) along. Rehe was also incorporated into Manchukuo in 1933, taking Juu Uda and Josutu leagues along with it. These areas were administered by Manchukuo until the end of World War II in 1945.

In 1937, open war broke out between the Republic of China and Japan. On December 8, 1937, Mongolian Prince De Wang declared the independence of the remaining parts of Inner Mongolia (i.e. the Suiyuan and Chahar provinces) as Mengkiang or Mengkukuo, and signed close agreements with Manchukuo and Japan, thereby turning Inner Mongolia to a puppet of the Japanese Empire. The capital was established at Zhangbei (now in Hebei province), with the puppet government's control extending as far west as the Hohhot region. In August 1945, Mengkiang was taken by Soviet and Outer Mongolian troops during Operation August Storm.

Following the end of World War II, the Chinese Communists regained Manchuria with some Soviet support, and established the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 1947 following Soviet nationalities policy. Initially the autonomous region included just the Hulunbuir region. Over the next decade, as the communists established the People's Republic of China and consolidated control over mainland China, Inner Mongolia was expanded westwards to include five of the six original leagues (except Josutu League, which remains in Liaoning province), the northern part of the Chahar region, by then a league as well (southern Chahar remains in Hebei province), the Hetao region, and the Alashan and Ejine banners. Eventually, near all areas with sizeable Mongol populations were incorporated into the region, giving present-day Inner Mongolia its elongated shape.

In 1969, during the Cultural Revolution, much of Inner Mongolia was distributed among surrounding provinces, with Hulunbuir divided between Heilongjiang and Jilin, Jirim going to Jilin, Juu Uda to Liaoning, and the Alashan and Ejine region divided among Gansu and Ningxia. This was reversed in 1979.

There are groups calling for the independence of Inner Mongolia from what they view as Chinese imperialism; these groups, however, have less influence and support within and outside Inner Mongolia than similar movements in Tibet, Xinjiang, and Taiwan.

In the 1980s, Xi Haiming (Mongolian: Temtselt Shobshuud), Huchuntegus (Chinese: Hu Qing Te Gu Si), Wang Manglai ((Chinese: Wang Man Lai) and Hada, all students at universities in Hohhot, discussed establishment of the Inner Mongolian People's Party, for Mongolians in Inner Mongolia. Hada established the Southern Mongolian Democratic Alliance but he was arrested and he is currently a political prisoner. Xi Haiming fled his country and established the Inner Mongolian People's Party in New York, in March, 1997.^[2]

Historically, an Inner Mongolian People's Party (pinyin: Neirendang) had existed before the establishment of the PRC, but was merged with the ruling Communist Party of China (CPC) after the CPC came to power in 1949. During the 1966-76 Cultural Revolution, certain elements within the Chinese government, including notorious security chief Kang Sheng, claimed that the party had covertly revived itself as a hostile separate entity and sought to extinguish it. This resulted in 790,000 people being put in prison, criticized, and investigated in direct connection with the case and the witchhunt that followed during the Cultural Revolution. Of these 22,900 died and 120,000 were maimed.^[3]

Administrative divisions

Inner Mongolia is divided into 12 prefecture-level divisions, including nine prefecture-level cities and three leagues.

The nine prefecture-level cities are:

• Baotou (包头市 Bāotóu Shì)
• Bayan Nur (巴彦淖尔市 Bāyànnào'ěr Shì)
• Chifeng (赤峰市 Chìfēng Shì)
• Hohhot (呼和浩特市 Hūhéhàotè Shì)
• Hulunbuir (呼伦贝尔市 Hūlúnbèi'ěr Shì)
• Ordos (鄂尔多斯市 È'ěrduōsī Shì)
• Tongliao (通辽市 Tōngliáo Shì)
• Ulanqab (乌兰察布市 Wūlánchábù Shì)
• Wuhai (乌海市 Wūhǎi Shì)

The three leagues are:

• Alxa (阿拉善盟 Ālāshàn Méng)
• Hinggan (兴安盟 Xīng'ān Méng)
• Xilin Gol (锡林郭勒盟 Xīlínguōlè Méng)

Many of the prefecture-level cities were converted very recently from leagues.

The twelve prefecture-level divisions of Inner Mongolia are subdivided into 101 county-level divisions, including twenty-one districts, eleven county-level cities, seventeen counties, forty-nine banners, and three autonomous banners. Those are in turn divided into 1425 township-level divisions, including 532 towns, 407 townships, 277 sumu, eighteen ethnic townships, one ethnic sumu, and 190 subdistricts.

See the List of administrative divisions of Inner Mongolia for a complete list of county-level divisions.

Economy

Farming of crops such as wheat takes precedence along the river valleys. In the more arid grasslands, herding of goats, sheep and so on is a traditional method of subsistence. Forestry and hunting are somewhat important in the Greater Khingan ranges in the east. Reindeer herding is carried out by Evenks in the Evenk Autonomous Banner. More recently, growing grapes and winemaking have become an economic factor in the Wuhai area.

Inner Mongolia has abundance of resources especially coal, cashmere, natural gas, rare earth elements, and has more deposits of naturally-occurring niobium, zirconium and beryllium than any other province-level region in China. However in the past, the exploitation and utilisation of resources were rather inefficient, which resulted in poor returns from rich resources. Inner Mongolia is also an important coal production base in north China. It plans to double annual coal output by 2010 (from the 2005 volume of 260 million tons) to 500 million tons of coal a year [2].

Industry in Inner Mongolia has grown up mainly around coal, power generation, forestry-related industries, and so forth. Inner Mongolia now laid emphasis on six competitive industries, namely energy, chemicals, metallurgy, equipment manufacturing, processing of farm (including dairy) produce as well as hi-tech products. Well-known Inner Mongolian enterprises include companies such as ERDOS, Yili, and Mengniu.

The nominal GDP of Inner Mongolia in 2006 was 479 billion yuan (US$60.1 billion), a growth of 18% from 2005, with an average annual increase of 16.6%. Its per capita GDP exceeded 20,000 yuan (US$2,500). In 2005, Inner Mongolia's primary, secondary, and tertiary industries were worth 60.01 billion yuan, 168.51 billion yuan, and 153.76 billion yuan respectively. In 2006, The urban per capita disposable income and rural per capita net income were 10,358 yuan and 3,342 yuan, up 12% and 11.8% respectively. ^[4]

As with much of China, economic growth has led to a boom in construction, including new commercial development and large apartment complexes.

As the winds in the grasslands are very high some of the private company's have set up wind parks in parts of Inner mangolia like Bailingmiao, Hutengliang and zhouzi.

Government and Politics

Under the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, articles 112-122, autonomous regions have limited autonomy in both the political and economic arena. In theory, autonomous regions have more discretion in administering economic policy in the region in accordance with "national guidelines". In practice, however, the Chairman -who is usually ethnic Mongolian - is always kept in check by the more powerful Communist Party Regional Committee Secretary, who is usually from a different part of China and Han Chinese. The current party secretary is Chu Bo, a native of Anhui province.^[5] The Inner Mongolian government and its subsidiaries follow roughly the same structure as that of a normal Chinese province. With regards to economic policy, as a part of increased federalism characteristics in China, Inner Mongolia has become more independent in implementing its own economic roadmap.

Inner Mongolian politics, however, has had a history of concentrating more on showpiece projects, such as widening roads, building architecturally exotic buildings, etc., as opposed to dealing with the needs of the overwhelming majority. The superficial development is often done to impress the central government. For example, in preparation for the 60th Anniversary celebrations of the founding of the Autonomous Region, the government spent vast amounts of money building a new 60,000-capacity stadium in suburban Hohhot that is unlikely to have capacity crowds after the celebrations are over^[6]. Moreover, the government's obsession with increasing the GDP has made growth severely imbalanced. Regional officials, especially exemplified by current IMAR Party Chief Chu Bo have a known history of corruption.^[7] Chu has challenged the central government on many economic issues, and ignored the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection's (CCDI) warnings to stop his corrupt behavior in April 2007. As a direct result, Chu's governing style is known to be the new autonomy political wave where leaders in Autonomous Regions, Shanghai, and Guangdong in particular deviate policy in opposition to central government directives.

List of CPC Secretaries

1. Ulanhu (乌兰夫): 1947-1966
2. Xie Xuegong (解学恭): 1966－1967
3. Teng Haiqing (滕海清): 1968－1969
4. Zheng Weishan (郑维山): 1969－1971
5. You Taizhong (尤太忠): 1971－1978
6. Zhou Hui (周惠): 1978－1986
7. Zhang Shuguang (张曙光): 1986－1987
8. Wang Qun (王群): 1987－1994
9. Liu Mingzu (刘明祖): 1994－2001
10. Chu Bo (储波): 2001－incumbent

List of Chairmen of Government

1. Ulanhu (乌兰夫): 1947－1966
2. Teng Haiqing (滕海清): 1967－1971
3. You Taizhong (尤太忠): 1971－1978
4. Kong Fei (孔飞): 1978－1982
5. Buhe (布赫): 1982－1993
6. Uliji (乌力吉): 1993－1998
7. Yun Bulong (云布龙): 1998－2000
8. Uyunqimg (乌云其木格): 2000－2003
9. Yang Jing (杨晶): 2003-2008
10. Bagatur (巴特尔): 2008-

Demography

See also: List of Chinese ethnic groups

Han Chinese are the largest ethnic group, constituting about 80% of the population. While the Hetao region along the Yellow River has always alternated between farmers from the south and nomads from the north, the most recent episode of Han Chinese migration began in the early 18th century with encouragement from the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and continued into the 20th century. Han Chinese live mostly in the Hetao region as well as various population centres in central and eastern Inner Mongolia.

Mongols are the second largest ethnic group, comprising about 17% of the population. They include many diverse Mongolian-speaking groups; groups such as the Buryats and the Oirats are also officially considered to be Mongols in China. Many of the traditionally nomadic Mongols have settled in permanent homes as their pastoral economy was collectivized during the Maoist Era.

Other ethnic groups include the Daur, the Evenks, the Oroqin, the Hui, the Manchus, and the Koreans.

Ethnic groups in Inner Mongolia, 2000 census[8]
Nationality	Population	Percentage
Han Chinese	18,465,586	79.17%
Mongol	3,995,349	17.13%
Manchu	499,911	2.14%
Hui	209,850	0.900%
Daur	77,188	0.331%
Evenks	26,201	0.112%
Koreans	21,859	0.094%
Russians	5,020	0.022%

Excludes members of the People's Liberation Army in active service.

Culture

See also: Culture of Mongolia and Music of Mongolia

The Han Chinese of Inner Mongolia speak a variety of dialects, depending on the region. The eastern parts tend to speak Northeastern Mandarin, which belong to the Mandarin group of dialects; those in the central parts, such as the Huang He valley, speak varieties of Jin, another subdivision of Chinese, due to its proximity to other Jin-speaking areas in China such as the Shanxi province. Cities such as Hohhot and Baotou both have their unique brand of Jin Chinese which are sometimes incomprehensible with dialects spoken in northeastern regions such as Hailar.

Mongols in Inner Mongolia speak a variety of dialects of the Mongolian language, including Chahar, Bairin, Ordos, Ejin-Alxa, Barghu-Buryat, etc.; the standard pronunciation of Mongolian in China is based on the Chahar dialect of the Plain Blue Banner, located in central Inner Mongolia. This is different from independent Mongolia, where the standard pronunciation is based on the Khalkha dialect. The Daur, Evenks, and Oroqin speak their own respective languages.

By law, all street signs, commercial outlets, and government documents must be bilingual, displaying both Mongolian and Chinese. There are three Mongolian TV channels in the Inner Mongolia Satellite TV network. A recent trend has also taken place with public transportation, where all announcements are also to be bilingual. Many ethnic Mongols, especially those from the newest generation, speak fluent Chinese, as Mongolian is beginning to recede in everyday use in urban areas. Ethnic Mongols in rural areas, however, have kept their traditions. In terms of written language, Inner Mongolia has retained the classic Mongol written script as opposed to Outer Mongolia's adoption of the Cyrillic alphabet.

The vast grasslands have always been symbolic of Inner Mongolia. Mongolian art often depicts the grassland in an uplifting fashion, emphasizing on the nomadic traditions of the Mongol people. The Mongols of Inner Mongolia practice many traditional forms of art. Inner Mongolian specialty cuisine, largely derived from the tradition of ethnic Mongols, consists of dairy-related products and hand-held lamb (手扒肉). In recent years franchises based on Hot pot had sprung up from Inner Mongolia, the most famous of which is Xiaofeiyang (小肥羊). Inner Mongolia is also known commercially for the brand names Mengniu and Yili, both of which began with the production of dairy products and ice cream.

Among the Han Chinese of Inner Mongolia, Jinju or Shanxi Opera is a popular traditional form of entertainment. See also: Shanxi.

Siqin Gaowa, a famous actress of China, is an ethnic Mongol native to Inner Mongolia.

A popular career in Inner Mongolia is circus acrobatics. The famous Inner Mongolia Acrobatic Troupe travels and performs with the renowned Ringling Bros. and Barnum and Bailey Circus.

Tourism

In the capital city Hohhot:

• Dazhao Temple is a Lamaist temple built in 1580. Dazhao Temple is known for three sites: a statue of Buddha made from silver, elaborate carvings of dragons, and murals.
• Xiaozhao Temple, also known as Chongfu temple, is a Lamaist temple built in 1697 and favoured by the Qing Dynasty emperor Kangxi.
• Xilituzhao Temple is the largest Lamaist temple in the Höhhot area, and once the center of power of Lamaism in the region.
• Zhaojun Tomb is the tomb of Wang Zhaojun, a Han Dynasty palace lady-in-waiting who became the consort of a Xiongnu ruler.

Elsewhere in Inner Mongolia:

• The Mausoleum of Genghis Khan, the cenotaph of Genghis Khan, is located in Ordos City.
• Bashang Grasslands, on the border close to Beijing, is a popular retreat for urban residents wanting to get a taste of grasslands life.
• The Arshihaty Stone Forest/Hexigten UNESCO Geo Park, has magnificent granite rock formations formed from natural erosion.

Chinese space program

One of China's space vehicle launch facilities, Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center (JSLC) (simplified Chinese: 酒泉卫星发射中心), is located in the extreme west of Inner Mongolia, in the Alxa League's Ejin Banner, about 1,600 km from Beijing. It was founded in 1958, making it the PRC's first launch facility. More Chinese launches have occurred at Jiuquan than anywhere else. As with all Chinese launch facilities, it is remote and generally closed to the public. It is named as such since Jiuquan is the nearest urban centre, although Jiuquan is in the nearby province of Gansu.

Miscellaneous topics

Colleges and universities

• Chifeng University (赤峰学院)
• Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (内蒙古农业大学)
• Inner Mongolia Finance and Economics College (内蒙古财经学院)
• Inner Mongolia Medical College (内蒙古医学院)
• Inner Mongolia Normal University (内蒙古师范大学)
• Inner Mongolia University (内蒙古大学)
• Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities (内蒙古民族大学)
• Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology (内蒙古科技大学)
• Inner Mongolia University of Technology (内蒙古工业大学)

All of the above are under the authority of the autonomous region government. Institutions without full-time bachelor programs are not listed.

Notes and references

External links

• Inner Mongolia Government website
• Southern Mongolian Human Rights Information Center
• Inner Mongolia travel guide from Wikitravel

See also

List of laojiaos in Inner Mongolia

v • d • e Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region History • Politics • Economy Prefecture-level cities Baotou • Bayan Nur • Chifeng • Hohhot • Hulunbuir • Ordos • Tongliao • Ulanqab • Wuhai Leagues Alxa • Xilin Gol • Hinggan See also: List of Inner Mongolia County-level divisions

v • d • e Province-level divisions of the People's Republic of China Provinces Anhui · Fujian · Gansu · Guangdong · Guizhou · Hainan · Hebei · Heilongjiang · Henan · Hubei · Hunan · Jiangsu · Jiangxi · Jilin · Liaoning · Qinghai · Shaanxi · Shandong · Shanxi · Sichuan · Taiwan (claimed) · Yunnan · Zhejiang Autonomous regions Guangxi · Inner Mongolia · Ningxia · Tibet · Xinjiang Municipalities Beijing · Chongqing · Shanghai · Tianjin SARs Hong Kong · Macau