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F-flat major

F♭ major
Image:F-flat Major key signature.png
Relative key Db minor
Parallel key Fb minor
enharmonic:
E minor
Enharmonic E major
Component pitches
F♭, G♭, A♭, B, C♭, D♭, E♭, F♭

The musical note F-flat is enharmonically equivalent to E natural. It is, however, lower in pitch, F-flat being a perfect fifth below C-flat, whereas E natural being a major third above C.[1]

F-flat major is a major scale based on F-flat, consisting of the pitches F-flat, G-flat, A-flat, B-double flat, C-flat, D-flat, E-flat and F-flat. Its key signature has eight flats.[2]

Its relative minor is D-flat minor, and its parallel minor is F-flat minor, usually replaced by E minor.

Part of Richard Strauss' Metamorphosen uses F flat major, which one commentator has called "a bitter enharmonic parody" of the earlier manifestations of E major in the piece.[3]

For clarity and simplicitly, F-flat major is sometimes notated as its enharmonic equivalent of E major, as it is in Beethoven's Piano Sonata No. 31 (where the major tonality in D-flat major is accompanied by a recapitulation of the theme a minor third above, in F flat major, that is notated for clarity in E major), and in the Adagio of Haydn's Trio No. 27 in A-flat major. The Finale of Bruckner's Symphony No. 4 employs enharmonic E for F-flat, but its Coda employs F-flat directly, with a phrygian cadence through F-flat onto the tonic.[4][5][6]

References

  1. ^ Robert Platt (1847). "Modulation", A new, easy, and correct system of vocal music. London: Aylott and Jones, 75. 
  2. ^ Nicolas Slonimsky (1960). The Road to Music. New York: Dodd, Mead, & Co., 16. 
  3. ^ Bryan Randolph Gilliam (1998). Richard Strauss: New Perspectives on the Composer and His Work. Duke University Press, 237. ISBN 0822321149. 
  4. ^ Donald Betts (2005). Beethoven’s Piano Sonata Opus 110. The Inner Voice.
  5. ^ James Arnold Hepokoski and Warren Darcy (2006). Elements of Sonata Theory: Norms, Types, and Deformations in the Late-Eighteenth-Century Sonata. Oxford University Press, 326. ISBN 0195146409. 
  6. ^ Julian Horton (2004). Bruckner's Symphonies: Analysis, Reception and Cultural Politics. Cambridge University Press, 127. ISBN 0521823544. 

Scales and keys

v • d • e
Diatonic Scales and Keys
flats sharps
major minor major minor
0 C, a
1 F d G e
2 B♭ g D b
3 E♭ c A f♯
4 A♭ f E c♯
5 D♭ b♭ B g♯
6 G♭ e♭ F♯ d♯
7 C♭ a♭ C♯ a♯
lower case letters are minor
the table indicates the number of sharps or flats in each scale
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