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Buddhism by country

Obtaining exact numbers of practicing Buddhists can be difficult and may be reliant on the definition used. Adherents of Eastern religions such as Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, Shinto and traditional religions or Shamanism, animism often have beliefs comprised of a mix of religious ideas[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. While only a small proportion of the population may have taken the formal step of going for refuge (about 400 million), many more may practice an informal Buddhism or hold Buddhist beliefs mixed with those of related religions. This is particularly the case in East Asia, where Buddhism has long been practiced alongside Taoism and Confucianism in an arrangement sometimes known as the "Triple Religion" or "Great Religion" [8]. The Religion in China, Vietnam, Japan, Korea; Vinegar tasters; Sinosphere; Neo-Confucianism; East Asian Buddhism and Buddhism and Eastern teaching articles discuss this phenomenon in greater detail.

The estimations on the number of Buddhist in the world vary significantly, according to different sources available [9], between over 1.5 billion [10][11][12] and over 350 million [13]. However, it was difficult to estimate accurately the number of Buddhists because they did not have congregational memberships and often did not participate in public ceremonies. [14]

An additional challenge in gathering accurate estimates regarding Buddhist adherents in many Asian countries is the presence of national governments (often Communist) that are hostile either to religion generally or to Buddhism specifically. Government policies in these countries may encourage the under-reporting or non-reporting of religious adherence, resulting in official totals that may drastically under-estimate the number of religious practitioners in these countries. This phenomenon is a confounding factor in gathering data for countries such as China and North Korea. Similar historical policies, coupled with shortcomings of infrastructure, make census data for Laos and Vietnam difficult to assess[15][16][17].

Most of the Buddhists live in Asia, and the provisional state of the numbers in governments who evolve from the Communism forces a constant revision, although each new annual revision shows an increase the very significant discharge of the Buddhism. The main reason for this enormous discrepancy in the present numbers is the combination of three types different from difficulties to give to a Chinese number on , the greatest country of population in World recently. The Buddhism has a very important historical root in those countries, nevertheless is officially an atheist country, in which in addition it practices syncretist a very heterogeneous traditional religion popular and that, among others, it includes Buddhist elements, and that frequently are listed separately.

A recent study of the Global for Center the Study of the Chinese Contemporary made in the 2005 [18] reveals the little reliability of the previous data, simultaneously it says 52% of the Chinese still refuse to answer direct questions on their religious affiliation. Taking this in account, in 1995 only a 2% openly admitted to belong to some religion, in the 2005 5% did. Although on the other hand, 23% of Chinese to have trusted in Buddha during year. All this contradictory data gives an idea that it will be the own evolution in the opening in the Chinese society the one that will be polishing these numbers.

Contents

By country

Buddhism by country
Region Country or Territory Population(2007E)  % of Buddhists Buddhist total
Central Asia Afghanistan 31,889,923 0.2% (approx) 63,780
South America Argentina 40,301,927 0.1% [19] 40,302
Caribbean Aruba 100,018 1.2% (approx) [20] 1,200
Oceania Australia 20,434,176 2.1% [21] 429,118
Central Europe Austria 8,199,783 0.130% 10,660
Middle East Bahrain 708,573 1% [22] 7,086
South Asia Bangladesh 150,448,339 0.7% [23] 1,053,138
Western Europe Belgium 10,392,226 0.3% [24] 31,177
Central America Belize 294,385 0.35% [25] 1,030
South Asia Bhutan 2,327,849 66% - 75%[26] - 97% (approx)[27] 1,536,380 - 1,745,887 - 2,250,014
South America Bolivia 9,119,152 0.26% [28] 23,710
Balkans Bosnia and Herzegovina 4,552,198 0.01% 455
South America Brazil 190,010,647 0.130% [29] 247,014
Southeast Asia Brunei 374,577 14.4% [30] 53,939
Eastern Europe Bulgaria 7,322,858 0.015% (approx) 1,098
Southeast Asia Cambodia 13,995,904 95% [31] 13,296,109
North America Canada 33,390,141 3.6% [32] 367,292 - 1,202,045
South America Chile 16,284,741 0.04% [33][34] 6,514
East Asia China 1,321,851,888 8% [35] - 21% [36][37] - 80% (approx)[38][39] [40] 105,748,151 - 277,588,896 - 1,057,481,510
South America Colombia 44,379,598 0.01% [41] 4,438
Central America Costa Rica 4,133,884 2.34% [42] 96,733
West Africa Cote d'Ivoire 18,013,409 0.06% [43] 10,808
Balkans Croatia 4,493,312 0.03% 1,348
Caribbean Cuba 11,394,043 0.25% [44] 28,485
Middle East Cyprus 788,457 1% 7,885
Central Europe Czech Republic 10,228,744 0.5% 51,144
Western Europe Denmark 5,468,120 0.1% [45] 5,468
Caribbean Dominica 72,386 0.25% [46] 181
Caribbean Dominican Republic 9,365,818 0.1% [47] 9,366
Southeast Asia East Timor 1,084,971 0.1% (approx) [48] 1,085
South America Ecuador 13,755,680 0.2% [49] 27,511
South America El Salvador 6,948,073 0.03% [50] 2,084
East Africa Eritrea 4,906,585 0.1% [51] 4,907
Eastern Europe Estonia 1,315,912 0.4% [52] 5,264
Oceania Fiji 918,675 1% 9,187
Western Europe Finland 5,238,460 0.1% [53] 5,238
Western Europe France 63,718,187 1.2% 764,618
South America French Guiana 203,321 4% [54] 8,132
Oceania French Polynesia 278,963 7.5% 20,922
Caucasus Georgia 4,646,003 0.1% (approx)[55] 4,646
Western Europe Germany 82,400,996 1% 824,001
West Africa Ghana 22,931,299 0.05% [56] 11,466
Balkans Greece 10,706,290 0.1% (approx) 10,706
Central America Guatemala 12,728,111 0.1% [57] 12,728
West Africa Guinea 9,947,814 0.1% (approx) [58] 9,948
South America Guyana 769,095 0.25% [59] 1,923
Central America Honduras 7,483,763 0.1% [60] 7,484
East Asia Hong Kong 6,980,412 10.1%[61] - 90% [62] 705,022 - 6,282,371
Eastern Europe Hungary 9,956,108 0.05% 5,223 [63]
Western Europe Iceland 301,931 0.15% [64] 453
South Asia India 1,129,866,154 0.8%[65] 9,038,929 - 16,947,992
Southeast Asia Indonesia 234,693,997 1%[66] 2,346,940
Western Europe Ireland 4,109,086 0.2% [67] 8,218
Middle East Israel 6,426,679 0.1% [68] 6,426
Western Europe Italy 58,147,733 0.2% [69] [70][71] 116,295
Caribbean Jamaica 2,780,132 0.3% [72] 8,340
East Asia Japan 127,433,494 44% - 84% [73][74] 56,070,737 - 107,044,135
Central Asia Kazakhstan 15,284,929 0.55% [75] 84,067
East Asia North Korea 23,301,725 64.5% (approx)[76] 10,000[77] - 15,029,613
East Asia South Korea 49,044,790 23.3%[78] - 50% [79] 11,427,436 - 24,522,395
Central Asia Kyrgyzstan 5,284,149 0.35% [80] 18,495
Middle East Kuwait 2,505,559 4% [81] 100,222
Southeast Asia Laos 6,521,998 96%[82] 6,261,118
Eastern Europe Latvia 2,259,810 0.004% [83] 90
Middle East Lebanon 3,925,502 0.1% [84] 3,926
Southern Africa Lesotho 2,125,262 0.1% (approx)[85] 2,125
West Africa Liberia 3,195,931 0.1% [86] 3,196
North Africa Libya 6,036,914 0.3% [87] 18,120
Western Europe Liechtenstein 34,247 0.22% [88] 75
East Asia Macau 456,989 17%[89] - 50%[90] - 85%[91][92] 77,688 - 228,495 - 388,441
East Africa Madagascar 19,448,815 0.1% [93] 19,449
Southeast Asia Malaysia 24,821,286 22% [94] 5,460,683
South Asia Maldives 369,031 0.45% [95] 1,661
East Africa Mauritius 1,250,882 2.5% [96] 31,272
North America Mexico 108,700,891 0.1% (approx)[97] 108,701
Central Asia Mongolia 2,951,786 50%[98] - 94%[99] 1,475,893 - 2,774,679
Southeast Asia Myanmar 47,373,958 90% [100] 42,636,562
Southern Africa Namibia 2,055,080 0.1% [101] 2,055
South Asia Nepal 28,901,790 11% [102] 3,179,197
Western Europe Netherlands 16,570,613 0.105%[103] - 1%[104] 17,399 - 165,706
Caribbean Netherlands Antilles 223,652 0.7% (approx) 1,566
Oceania New Caledonia 221,943 3% [105] 6,657
Oceania New Zealand 4,115,771 1.2% [106] 49,389
Central America Nicaragua 5,675,356 0.1% [107] 5,675
Western Europe Norway 4,627,926 0.42% [108] 19,437
Middle East Oman 3,204,897 1% [109] 32,049
South Asia Pakistan 164,741,924 0.1% [110] 164,742
Central America Panama 3,242,173 2.1% [111] 68,086
Oceania Papua New Guinea 5,795,887 0.3% [112] 17,388
South America Paraguay 6,669,086 0.5% [113] 33,345
South America Peru 28,674,757 0.31% [114] 88,892
Southeast Asia Philippines 91,077,287 2.5% [115] 2,276,932
Western Europe Portugal 10,642,836 0.03% 3,193
Central Europe Poland 38,518,241 0.1% 38,518
Caribbean Puerto Rico 3,944,259 0.03% [116] 1,183
Middle East Qatar 907,229 5% (approx)[117] 45,361
East Africa Reunion 784,000 1% 7,840
Eastern Europe Romania 22,276,056 0.01% (approx)[118] 2,228
Eastern Europe Russia 141,377,752 0.75%[119] - 1.1% - 1.45%[120] 1,060,333 - 1,555,155 - 2,049,977
Middle East Saudi Arabia 27,601,038 1.5% [121] 414,016
West Africa Senegal 12,521,851 0.01% 1,252
Balkans Serbia 10,150,265 0.01% (approx) 1,015
East Africa Seychelles 81,895 1% 819
Southeast Asia Singapore 4,553,009 42.5%[122] 51% [123] - 61.1% [124] 1,935,029 - 2,322,035 - 2,781,888
Central Europe Slovakia 5,447,502 0.1% [125] 5,447
Central Europe Slovenia 2,009,245 0.06% (approx) 1,206
Western Europe Spain 40,448,191 0.025% [126] - 0.5% - 0.75% 10,112 - 200,000 - 300,000[127]
Southern Africa South Africa 43,997,828 0.1% [128] 43,998
South Asia Sri Lanka 20,926,315 70% [129] 14,648,421
South America Suriname 470,784 1% 4,708
Western Europe Sweden 9,031,088 0.2% [130] 18,062
Western Europe Switzerland 7,554,661 0.29% [131] 21,909
East Asia Taiwan 22,858,872 35%[132] - 75%[133] - 93% [134] 8,000,605 - 17,144,154 - 21,258,751
Central Asia Tajikistan 7,076,598 0.1% [135] 7,076
East Africa Tanzania 39,384,223 0.1% [136] 39,384
Southeast Asia Thailand 65,068,149 95% [137] 61,814,742
Caribbean Trinidad and Tobago 1,056,608 0.7% [138] 7,396
Middle East Turkey 71,158,647 0.1% [139] 71,159
Central Asia Turkmenistan 5,097,028 0.1% [140] 50,970
Eastern Europe Ukraine 46,299,862 0.1% (approx)[141] 46,300
Middle East United Arab Emirates 4,444,011 5% [142] 222,201
Western Europe United Kingdom 60,776,238 0.3%[143] 152,000 - 182,329 - 729,314
North America United States 301,139,947 0.5%[144] 1,505,700 - 6,022,799
South America Uruguay 3,460,607 0.1% [145] 3,461
Central Asia Uzbekistan 27,780,059 0.2% [146] 55,560
Oceania Vanuatu 211,971 1% [147] 2,120
South America Venezuela 26,023,528 0.2% [148] 52,047
Southeast Asia Vietnam 85,262,356 16%[149] - >50%[150] - 85% (approx)[151] 13,641,977 - >42,631,178 - 72,473,003
Southern Africa Zimbabwe 12,311,143 0.1% [152] 12,311
Total 6,671,226,000 7.335% – 10.348% - 22.665% (depending on extent of syncretism) 489,325,203 - 690,364,656 - 1,512,013,359

By region

These percentages were calculated by using the above numbers. The first percentage, 4th column, all but last row, is the percentage of population that is Buddhist in a region (Buddhists in the region * 100/total population of the region). The last row shows the Buddhist percentage compared to the total Buddhist population of the world (Buddhists in the region * 100/total Buddhist population of the world).

(Note: Egypt, Sudan, and other Arab Maghreb countries are counted as part of North Africa, not Middle East).

Buddhism in Africa
Region Total Population Buddhists  % of Buddhists  % of Buddhist total
Central Africa 88,166,923 0 0% 0%
East Africa 202,711,873 40,454 0.019%
North Africa 211,584,604 0 0% 0%
Southern Africa 143,871,660 77,127 0.035%
West Africa 280,965,354 0 0% 0%
Total 927,300,414 117,581 0.012%
Buddhism in Asia
Region Total Population Buddhists  % of Buddhists  % of Buddhist total
Central Asia 95,398,532 2,879,280 3.018%
East Asia 1,585,083,298 467,848,179 - 1,247,740,793 29.515% - 78.717%
Middle East 285,194,911 585,025 0.205%
South Asia 1,491,019,011 38,601,550 2.588%
Southeast Asia 592,738,430 216,615,239 36.544%
Total 4,049,434,182 726,336,585 - 1,506,229,199 17.936% - 37.196%
Buddhism in Europe
Region Total Population Buddhists  % of Buddhists  % of Buddhist total
Balkans 67,379,383 101,070 0.15%
Central Europe 77,052,660 2,912,591 3.78%
Eastern Europe 212,144,987 387,165 1.825%
Western Europe 389,933,160 20,666,457 5.3%
Total 746,510,190 24,067,283 13.055%
Buddhism in The Americas
Region Total Population Buddhists  % of Buddhists  % of Buddhist total
Caribbean 24,683,536 43,498 0.176%
Central America 44,030,092 152,228 0.345%
North America 462,382,674 7,241,845 1.566%
South America 384,863,028 499,020 0.129%
Total 915,959,330 7,936,420 0.866%
Buddhism in Oceania
Region Total Population Buddhists  % of Buddhists  % of Buddhist total
Oceania 32,021,885 542,920 1.695%

Top 20

Top 20 by population on the left and by percentage on the right.

Top 20
Rank Country Buddhist Population  % of Buddhists Country  % of Buddhists Buddhist Population
1
China		 277,588,896 - 1,057,481,510 21% - 80%
Mongolia		 98% 2,816,644
2
Japan		 122,369,253 96%
Bhutan		 97% 2,250,014
3
Vietnam		 74,268,750 85%
Cambodia		 96.5% 13,938,460
4
Thailand		 61,814,742 95%
Japan		 96% 122,369,253
5
Myanmar		 43,918,200 90%
Taiwan		 95.5% 22,131,451
6
South Korea		 23,531,874 48%
Laos		 95% 6,195,898
7
Taiwan		 22,131,451 95.5%
Thailand		 95% 61,814,742
8
Sri Lanka		 16,050,484 76.7%
Hong Kong		 93% 6,701,580
9
North Korea		 15,106,650 63.5%
Myanmar		 90% 43,918,200
10
Cambodia		 13,938,460 96.5%
Vietnam		 85% 74,268,750
11
India		 12,274,668 1.05%
Macau		 85% 408,850
12
Hong Kong		 6,701,580 93%
China		 21% - 80% 277,588,896 - 1,057,481,510
13
Laos		 6,195,898 95%
Sri Lanka		 76.7% 16,050,484
14
Nepal		 6,069,376 21%
North Korea		 63.5% 15,106,650
15
United States		 6,039,800 2%
Singapore		 61% 2,777,335
16
Malaysia		 5,970,800 22%
South Korea		 48% 23,531,874
17
Indonesia		 5,397,962 2.3%
Malaysia		 22% 5,970,800
18
Mongolia		 2,816,644 98%
Nepal		 21% 6,069,376
19
Singapore		 2,777,335 61%
Brunei		 14.4% 54,600
20
Philippines		 2,276,932 2.5%
United Arab Emirates		 5% 219,000

External links

See also

References

  • The US State Department's International Religious Freedom Report 2006 [6]
  • CIA FactBook [7]
  • adherents.com [8]
  • Religious Freedom page [9]
  • Religious Intelligence [10]
  • census.gov[11]

Notes

  1. ^ Chinese Cultural Studies: The Spirits of Chinese Religion
  2. ^ Windows on Asia - Chinese Religions
  3. ^ Religions and Beliefs in China
  4. ^ SACU Religion in China
  5. ^ Index-China Chinese Philosophies and religions
  6. ^ AskAsia - Buddhism in China
  7. ^ BUDDHISM AND ITS SPREAD ALONG THE SILK ROAD
  8. ^ "Counting the Buddhist World Fairly," by Dr. Alex Smith
  9. ^ U.S. State Department's International Religious Freedom Report 2004; Adherents.com; Garfinkel, Perry. “Buddha Rising.” National Geographic DEC. 2005:88 - 109.; The CIA World Factbook
  10. ^ Gary Gach. The Complete Idiot's Guide to Understanding Buddhism . Alpha, 2004. ISBN 1592572774.
  11. ^ books.google.com - The Complete Idiot's Guide to Understanding Buddhism, by Gary Gach
  12. ^ BBC Vietnamese - Tây Tạng một cái nhìn toàn cục
  13. ^ adherents.com
  14. ^ U.S. Department of States - International Religious Freedom Report 2006: China (includes Tibet, Hong Kong, and Macau)
  15. ^ openDemocracy.net - 'The Atlas of Religion,' Joanne O'Brien & Martin Palmer: State Attitudes to Religion
  16. ^ Center for Religious Freedom - Survey Files
  17. ^ The Range of Religious Freedom
  18. ^ Changing Beliefs in Chinese Urban 1995-2005 wun.ac.uk
  19. ^ religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu
  20. ^ The World Factbook
  21. ^ state.gov
  22. ^ state.gov
  23. ^ banbeis.gov.bd
  24. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk
  25. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk
  26. ^ state.gov
  27. ^ kingdomofbhutan.com
  28. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk
  29. ^ ibge.gov.br
  30. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk
  31. ^ The World Factbook
  32. ^ religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu
  33. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk
  34. ^ International Religious Freedom Report 2006 - Chile
  35. ^ state.gov
  36. ^ BBC News - Survey finds 300m China believers
  37. ^ chinadaily.com.cn
  38. ^ The World Factbook
  39. ^ SEANET Work - "Counting the Buddhist World Fairly," by Dr. Alex Smith
  40. ^ BBC Vietnamese - Tây Tạng một cái nhìn toàn cục
  41. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk
  42. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk
  43. ^ state.gov
  44. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk
  45. ^ state.gov
  46. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk
  47. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk, religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu
  48. ^ East Timor
  49. ^ religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu, religiousintelligence.co.uk
  50. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk
  51. ^ state.gov
  52. ^ state.gov
  53. ^ religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu
  54. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk
  55. ^ state.gov
  56. ^ state.gov
  57. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk
  58. ^ state.gov
  59. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk
  60. ^ religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu
  61. ^ International Religious Freedom Report 2007 - Hong Kong
  62. ^ The World Factbook, [1], [2][3], [4]
  63. ^ Population by religion, denomination, religious community, etc., main age groups and sex
  64. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk
  65. ^ censusindia.net
  66. ^ depag.go.id
  67. ^ beyond2020.cso.ie
  68. ^ state.gov
  69. ^ Unione Buddhista Italiana - UBI: L'Ente
  70. ^ SGI-ITALIA.ORG: L'Istituto Buddista Italiano Soka Gakkai
  71. ^ http://www.db.caritas.glauco.it/caritas/dati/news/2004-05/25/Scheda.pdf
  72. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk, religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu
  73. ^ CIA World factbook -Japan
  74. ^ state.gov
  75. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk
  76. ^ The CIA World Factbook, state.gov
  77. ^ state.gov
  78. ^ state.gov
  79. ^ state.gov
  80. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk
  81. ^ state.gov
  82. ^ state.gov
  83. ^ state.gov
  84. ^ dailystar.com.lb, state.gov
  85. ^ state.gov, state.gov
  86. ^ state.gov
  87. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk, http://religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu, state.gov
  88. ^ state.gov
  89. ^ Background Note: Macau
  90. ^ CIA Factbook - Macau
  91. ^ International Religious Freedom Report 2006 - Macau
  92. ^ International Religious Freedom Report 2007 - Macau
  93. ^ religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu, religiousintelligence.co.uk
  94. ^ [5], state.gov
  95. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk
  96. ^ adherents.com/adhloc/Wh_202.html
  97. ^ The CIA World Factbook
  98. ^ The CIA World Factbook
  99. ^ state.gov, state.gov
  100. ^ buddhanet.net, The CIA World Factbook
  101. ^ state.gov
  102. ^ state.gov, The CIA World Factbook
  103. ^ state.gov
  104. ^ adherents.com
  105. ^ The World Factbook
  106. ^ religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu, state.gov
  107. ^ religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu
  108. ^ norway.lk
  109. ^ religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu, religiousintelligence.co.uk
  110. ^ religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu
  111. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk
  112. ^ religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu
  113. ^ religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu
  114. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk
  115. ^ Buddhist Tourism - Buddhism in Philippines
  116. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk
  117. ^ state.gov, The World Factbook
  118. ^ state.gov
  119. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk
  120. ^ state.gov
  121. ^ state.gov
  122. ^ CIA Factbook - Singapore
  123. ^ www.state.gov
  124. ^ religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu, state.gov
  125. ^ state.gov
  126. ^ state.gov
  127. ^ El 7% de los fieles profesan una fe que no es la católica
  128. ^ religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu
  129. ^ state.gov, The CIA World Factbook
  130. ^ state.gov
  131. ^ state.gov
  132. ^ state.gov
  133. ^ state.gov
  134. ^ The World Factbook
  135. ^ religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu
  136. ^ religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu
  137. ^ The CIA World Factbook
  138. ^ religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu
  139. ^ religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu
  140. ^ state.gov
  141. ^ state.gov
  142. ^ state.gov, religiousintelligence.co.uk
  143. ^ Religion In Britain, 2001
  144. ^ American Religious Identification Survey, 2001
  145. ^ state.gov
  146. ^ religiousfreedom.lib.virginia.edu, religiousintelligence.co.uk
  147. ^ headheeb.blogmosis.com
  148. ^ religiousintelligence.co.uk
  149. ^ vietnamembassy.us
  150. ^ state.gov
  151. ^ state.gov, mtholyoke.edu
  152. ^ state.gov
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