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1938

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Years:	1935 1936 1937 - 1938 - 1939 1940 1941

1938 by topic:
Subject: Archaeology - Architecture - Art
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Leaders: Sovereign states - State leaders
Religious leaders - Law
Categories: Births - Deaths - Works - Introductions
Establishments - Disestablishments - Awards v • d • e

Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar.

Events of 1938

January-February

January 1 – New Constitution of Estonia enters into force.
January 1 - The Merrie Melodies cartoon short Daffy Duck and Egghead is released.
January 3 - The March of Dimes is established by Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
January 11 - Frances Moulton is named the first female president of a U.S. national bank.
January 16 - Benny Goodman and his orchestra become the first jazz musicians to headline a concert at Carnegie Hall in New York City.
January 20 - Wedding of King Farouk of Egypt and Queen Farida Zulficar in Cairo.
January 22 - Thornton Wilder's play Our Town is performed for the first time in Princeton, New Jersey. It premieres in New York City on February 4.
January 27 - The Niagara Bridge at Niagara Falls, New York collapses due to an ice jam.
January 28 - The first ski tow in America begins operation in Vermont.
January 31 - Crown princess Beatrix is born in Netherlands.

February 4 - Adolf Hitler creates the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (High Command of the Armed Forces), giving him direct control of the German military, and sacks political and military leaders considered unsympathetic to his philosophy or policies.
February 6 - Black Sunday at Bondi Beach, Sydney, Australia: 300 swimmers dragged out to sea in three freak waves; 80 lifesavers save all but 5.
February 10 - Carol II of Romania takes dictatorial powers.
February 12 - Chancellor Kurt von Schuschnigg of Austria meets Adolf Hitler at Berchtesgaden and, under threat of invasion, is forced to yield to German demands for greater Nazi participation in the Austrian government.
February 14 - The British naval base at Singapore begins operations.
February 20 - Anthony Eden resigns as foreign minister of Great Britain, and is succeeded by Lord Halifax.
February 24 - A nylon bristle toothbrush becomes the first commercial product to be made with nylon yarn.

March-April

March - Italian mathematician Ettore Majorana disappears.
March 3 - Oil is discovered in Saudi Arabia.
March 12 - Anschluss: German troops occupy Austria; annexation declared the following day.
March 15 - Soviet Union announces officially that Nikholai Bukharin has been executed.
March 17 - Poland presents an ultimatum to Lithuania; Poland demands to establish normal diplomatic relations that were severed over the Vilnius Region
March 18 - Mexico nationalizes all foreign-owned oil properties within its borders.
April 10 - Edouard Daladier becomes prime minister of France.
April 24 – Konstantin Päts becomes president of Estonia.
April 25 - U.S. Supreme Court delivers opinion in Erie Railroad Co. v. Tompkins and overturns a century of federal common law.
April 28 - The towns of Dana, Enfield, Greenwich, and Prescott in Massachusetts are disincorporated to make way for the Quabbin Reservoir.

May-June

May 5 - Vatican recognizes Franco's government in Spain
May 9 - Kaarel Eenpalu becomes prime minister of Estonia
May 14 - Chile withdraws from the League of Nations
May 17 - Information Please debuts on NBC Radio.
May 20 - Czechoslovakia orders a partial mobilization of its armed forces along the German border.
May 25 - Bombing of Alicante, Spain, in the Spanish Civil War, with 313 dead.
May 28 - In a conference at the Reichs Chancellery, Hitler declares his decision to destroy Czechoslovakia by military force, and orders the immediate mobilization of 96 Wehrmacht divisions
June - Action Comics issue #1 is published, presenting the first appearance of Superman, considered the first superhero.
June 11 - Fire destroys 212 buildings in Ludes, Latvia
June 12-18 - Roma and Sinti in Germany and Austria are rounded up, beaten up and jailed.
June 15 - László Bíró patents the ballpoint pen in Britain.
June 19 - Italy beat Hungary 4-2 to win the 1938 World Cup
June 22 - Heavyweight boxing champion Joe Louis knocks out Max Schmeling in the first round of their rematch at Yankee Stadium in New York City.
June 23
- The Civil Aeronautics Act is signed into law, forming the Civil Aeronautics Authority in the United States.
- Marineland opens near St. Augustine, Florida.
June 24 - A 450 metric ton meteorite strikes the earth in an empty field near Chicora, Pennsylvania.
June 25 - Dr. Douglas Hyde is elected the first President of Ireland.

July-August

July - Building of the concentration camp Mauthausen
July 3 - Steam locomotive "Mallard" sets the world speed record for steam by reaching 126 mph.
July 3 - The last reunion of the Blue and Gray commemorates the 75th anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania.
July 12 - Kurdish Genocide in Dersim, Turkey by the Turkish army.
July 14 - Howard Hughes sets a new record by completing a 91 hour airplane flight around the world.
July 18 - Wrong Way Corrigan takes off from New York, ostensibly heading for California. He lands in Ireland instead.
July 28 - A revolt against the Ioannis Metaxas dictatorship is put down in Chania,
July 30 - The first ever issue of The Beano
August 6 - The Looney Tunes animated short Porky & Daffy is released.
August 18 - The Thousand Islands Bridge, connecting the United States with Canada, is dedicated by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt.

September-October

September - European crisis over German demand for annexation of Sudeten borderland of Czechoslovakia.
September 21 - A large hurricane (the New England Hurricane of 1938) strikes Long Island and southern New England, killing over 300 along the Rhode Island shoreline and 600 altogether.
September 29
- Munich agreement of German, Italian, British and French leaders agrees to German demands regarding annexation of Sudetenland.
- Republic of Hatay declared in Syria
September 30 - Neville Chamberlain returns to Britain from meeting with Adolf Hitler and declares "Peace In Our Time"
October 1 - German troops march into Sudetenland
October 2 - Tiberias massacre: Arabs murder 20 Jews.
October 5 - Edvard Beneš, president of Czechoslovakia, resigns.
October 10 - The Blue Water Bridge opens, connecting Port Huron, Michigan and Sarnia, Ontario
October 16 - Winston Churchill, in a broadcast address to the United States, condemns the Munich Agreement as a defeat and calls upon America and western Europe to prepare for armed resistance against Hitler.
October 17 - Jan Syrovy's government begins in Czechoslovakia
October 24 - Minimum wage established by law in the United States
October 27 - Du Pont announced a name for its new synthetic yarn: "nylon".
October 30 - Orson Welles's radio adaptation of The War of the Worlds is broadcast, causing panic in various parts of the United States.
October 31 - Great Depression: In an effort to try restore investor confidence, the New York Stock Exchange unveils a fifteen-point program aimed to upgrade protection for the investing public.

November-December

November 1 - Horse Racing: Seabiscuit defeats War Admiral by four lengths in their famous match race at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland.
November 9 - Holocaust: Kristallnacht begins - In Germany, the "night of broken glass" begins as Nazi troops and sympathizers loot and burn Jewish businesses (the all night affair saw 7,500 Jewish businesses destroyed, 267 synagogues burned, 91 Jews killed, and at least 25,000 Jewish men arrested).
November 10 - On the eve of Armistice Day, Kate Smith sings Irving Berlin's God Bless America for the first time on her weekly radio show.
November 10 - The founder of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, dies.
November 13- The people of New York City held a fruit tasting contest held by managers.
November 18 - Trade union members elect John L. Lewis as the first president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations.
November 30 - Czech parliament elects Emil Hácha as the new president of Czechoslovakia.
December 11 - Kingdom of Yugoslavia parliamentary election - Opposition gains votes but not seats
December 13 - The Neuengamme concentration camp opens near Hamburg.
December 16 - MGM releases its successful film version of Charles Dickens's A Christmas Carol. The film was originally intended to star Lionel Barrymore as Ebenezer Scrooge, but Barrymore, ill with arthritis, is replaced by Reginald Owen.
December 23 - A Coelacanth, a fish thought to have been extinct, is caught off the coast of South Africa near Chalumna River.
December 27 - 87 killed, a construction worker of domitory site hit avalanche by heavy massivie snow at Kurobe, Japan.

Undated

In West Java, Daeng Soetigna tunes the traditional angklung to play the diatonic scale.
Adolf Hitler is Time magazine's "Man of the Year" , an award that usually goes to the most influential person of the year.
Walther P38 is introduced.
The first cartoon to feature a prototypical Bugs Bunny, Porky's Hare Hunt, is released.
The Schomburgk's Deer becames extinct by this date.
Siam is renamed Thailand.

Ongoing

Spanish Civil War (1936-1939).
Sino-Japanese War (1937-1945).

Births

**1938 in other calendars**
Gregorian calendar	1938 MCMXXXVIII
Ab urbe condita	2691
Armenian calendar	1387 ԹՎ ՌՅՁԷ
Bahá'í calendar	94 – 95
Berber calendar	2888
Buddhist calendar	2482
Burmese calendar	1300
Chinese calendar	4574/4634-11-30 (丁丑年十一月三十日) — to — 4575/4635-11-10 (戊寅年十一月初十日)
Coptic calendar	1654 – 1655
Ethiopian calendar	1930 – 1931
Hebrew calendar	5698 – 5699
Hindu calendars
- Vikram Samvat	1993 – 1994
- Shaka Samvat	1860 – 1861
- Kali Yuga	5039 – 5040
Holocene calendar	11938
Iranian calendar	1316 – 1317
Islamic calendar	1356 – 1357
Japanese calendar	Shōwa 13 (昭和13年)
Korean calendar	4271
Thai solar calendar	2481
v • d • e

January-February

January 1
- Robert Jankel, British coachbuilder (d. 2005)
- Frank Langella, American actor
January 2 - Hans Herbjørnsrud, Norwegian author
- Ian Brady, British serial killer
- Goh Kun, Mayor of Seoul
January 5 - King Juan Carlos I of Spain
January 6 - Mario Rodríguez Cobos, Silo, Argentine author and spiritual Guide
January 7 - Roland Topor, French illustrator (d. 1997)
January 8 - Bob Eubanks, American game show host
January 10
- Donald Knuth, American mathematician and computer scientist
- Willie McCovey, baseball player
January 11 - Fischer Black, American economist (d. 1995)
January 12
- Noel McNamara, Australian justice campaigner and commentator
- Lewis Fiander, Australian actor
January 14 - Jack Jones, American singer and actor
January 18 - Curt Flood, baseball player (d. 1997)
January 20 - Derek Dougan, Northern Irish footballer (d. 2007)
January 21 - Wolfman Jack, American disc-jockey and actor (d. 1995)
January 23 - Georg Baselitz, German painter and sculptor
January 25
- Etta James, American singer
- Vladimir Vysotsky, Russian singer-songwriter, poet, actor (d. 1980)
January 31 - Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands
February 1 - Sherman Hemsley, American comedian and actor
February 2 - Max Alvis, baseball player
February 8 - Prentice Gautt, American football player
February 11
- Bevan Congdon, New Zealand cricketer
- Simone de Oliveira, Portuguese actress and singer
- Manuel Noriega, Panamanian general and dictator
February 12 - Judy Blume, American author
February 13 - Oliver Reed, English actor (d. 1999)
February 14 - Lee Chamberlin, African-American film and television actress
February 18 - Istvan Szabo, Hungarian director
February 24
- James Farentino, American actor
- Phil Knight, American sportswear entrepreneur
February 25 - Herb Elliott, Australian runner

March-April

March 4
- Don Perkins, American football player
- Angus MacLise, American percussionist, composer, mystic, shaman, poet, occultist, calligrapher and original drummer for the Velvet Underground (d. 1979)
March 7
- David Baltimore, American biologist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- Janet Guthrie, American race car driver
March 13 - Erma Franklin, American singer (d. 2002)
March 17
- Rudolf Nureyev, Russian-born dancer and choreographer (d. 1993)
- Keith Michael Patrick O'Brien, Northern Irish clergyman
March 18 - Charley Pride, American baseball player and musician
March 23 - Maynard Jackson, mayor of Atlanta, Georgia (d. 2003)
March 25 - Hoyt Axton, American actor and country music singer-songwriter (d. 1999)
March 26 - Anthony James Leggett, American physicist, Nobel Prize laureate
March 31 - Joel Godard, announcer for Late Night with Conan O'Brien
April 1 - John Quade, American actor
April 2 - John Larsson, the 17th General of The Salvation Army
April 3 - Jeff Barry, American record producer and songwriter
April 4 - A. Bartlett Giamatti, American president of Yale University and baseball commissioner (d. 1989)
April 7 - Freddie Hubbard, jazz trumpeter
April 8 - Kofi Annan, Ghanaian Secretary General of the United Nations, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize
April 10
- Viktor Chernomyrdin, Russian politician
- Don Meredith, American football player and broadcaster
April 11
- Michael Deaver, Reagan Administration Deputy White House Chief of Staff (d. 2007)
- Kurt Moll, German bass
April 12 - Roger Caron, Canadian author
April 15 - Claudia Cardinale, Tunisian-born, Italian actress
April 17 - Kerry Wendell Thornley, American counterculture figure, writer, and co-founder of Discordianism
April 22 - Talal Abu-Ghazaleh was born in Jaffa.
April 26
- Duane Eddy, American musician
- Maurice Williams, American musician
April 29 - Larry Niven, American author

May-June

May 2 - Paramount Chief Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho (d. 1996)
May 17 - Jason Bernard, American actor (d. 1996)
May 22 - Richard Benjamin, American actor
May 26
- William Bolcom, American composer
- Teresa Stratas, Canadian soprano
- Pauline Parker, New Zealandic murderess
May 28 - Jerry West, American basketball player and executive
May 31 - Johnny PayCheck, American singer (d. 2003)
May 31 - Peter Yarrow, American singer
June 5 - Karin Balzer, German athlete
June 6 - Prince Luís of Orléans-Braganza, pretender to the Brazilian throne
June 7 - Goose Gonsoulin, American football player
June 12 - Tom Oliver, Australian actor
June 15 - Billy Williams, baseball player
June 19
- Wahoo McDaniel, American football player and professional wrestler (d. 2002)
- Ian Smith, Australian actor
June 28 - Moy Yat, Chinese martial artist

July-August

July 3 - Bolo Yeung, Hong Kong actor
July 4 - Bill Withers, American singer and songwriter
July 6 - Tony Lewis, English cricketer
July 12 - Wieger Mensonides, Dutch swimmer
July 18 - Paul Verhoeven, Dutch film director
July 19 - Jayant Narlikar, Indian astrophysicist
July 20 - Natalie Wood, American actress (d. 1981)
July 20 - Diana Rigg, English actress
July 23
- Juliet Anderson, American actress
- Bert Newton, Australian actor and television show host
July 24 - Eugene J. Martin, American painter, artist
July 27 - Gary Gygax, American author and game designer (d. 2008)
July 28 - Alberto Fujimori, President of Peru
July 29 - Peter Jennings, Canadian-born television news reporter (d. 2005)
August 3 - Terry Wogan, British/Irish TV and radio broadcaster
August 8 - Connie Stevens, American actress and singer
August 9
- Ezola Broussard Foster, U.S. Vice Presidential Candidate
- Rod Laver, Australian tennis player
August 15 - Janusz A. Zajdel, Polish writer
August 16 - Bill Masterton, Canadian hockey player (d. 1968)
August 19 - Diana Muldaur, American actress
August 20 - Alain Vivien, French politician
August 21 - Kenny Rogers, American country singer
August 22 - Paul Maguire, American football player
August 24
- Halldór Blöndal, Icelandic politician
- David Freiberg, American musician (Quicksilver Messenger Service and Jefferson Starship)
August 28
- Maurizio Costanzo, Italian television news reporter
- Paul Martin, Prime Minister of Canada
August 29 - Robert Rubin, American banker who served as the 70th United States Secretary of the Treasury
August 31 - Martin Bell, British journalist and politician

September-October

September 2 - Clarence Felder, American actor
September 3 - Ryoji Noyori, Japanese chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
September 8 - Kenichi Horie, Japanese adventurer
September 10
- David Hamilton, radio and TV personality
- Karl Lagerfeld, German fashion designer and photographer
September 13 - John Smith, Scottish politician (d. 1994)
September 18 - Poornachandra Tejaswi, Kannada writer (d. 2007)
September 22 - Gene Mingo, American football player
September 23 - Tom Lester, American actor and evangelist
September 25 - Jonathan Motzfeldt, Prime Minister of Greenland
September 28 - Ben E. King, American singer
September 29 - Wim Kok, Prime Minister of the Netherlands
October 3 - Eddie Cochran, American singer (d. 1960)
October 4 - Kurt Wüthrich, Swiss chemist, Nobel Prize laureate
October 9 - Heinz Fischer, Austrian politician
October 14
- Farah Diba, Empress of Iran
- Ron Lancaster, Canadian Football League quarterback and coach
October 15 - Fela Kuti, Nigerian musician and activist (d. 1997)
October 16 - Carl Gunter Jr, Louisiana State Representative (d. 1999)
October 17 - Evel Knievel, American motorcycle daredevil (d. 2007)
October 20 - Iain Macmillan, Abbey Road photographer (d. 2006)
October 22 - Christopher Lloyd, American actor
October 23 - H. John Heinz III, U.S. Senator (d. 1991)
October 28 - Anne Perry, English-born novelist
October 29
- Ralph Bakshi, Israeli cartoonist, film director, and video producer
- Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, President of Liberia

November-December

November 2 - Patrick Joseph Buchanan, American journalist and Presidential candidate
November 5
- Joe Dassin, French singer (d. 1980)
- Enéas Carneiro, Brazilian politician (d. 2007)
November 6
- Mack Jones, baseball player (d. 2004)
- Dumitru Rusu, Romanian painter
November 13 - Jean Seberg, American actress (d. 1979)
November 16 - Robert Nozick, American philosopher (d. 2002)
November 17 - Gordon Lightfoot, Canadian folk singer
November 19 - Ted Turner, modern entrepreneur
November 26 - Porter J. Goss, American politician and Central Intelligence Agency director
December 4
- Andre V. Marrou, U.S. Presidential candidate
- Yvonne Minton, Australian soprano
December 5 - J. J. Cale, American singer
December 8 - Ken Delo, American singer, The Lawrence Welk Show
December 12 - Connie Francis, American singer and actress
December 15 - Billy Shaw, American football player
December 16
- Liv Ullmann, Norwegian actress
- Frank Deford, American sportswriter
December 17
- Peter Snell, New Zealand athlete
- Carlo Little, British drummer (d.2005)
December 20 - John Harbison, American composer
December 23 - Bob Kahn, American Internet pioneer
December 24 - Bobby Henrich, American baseball player
December 29 - Jon Voight, American actor

Date unknown

Neila Sathyalingam, Singaporean classical Indian dancer, choreographer and instructor

Deaths

January - June

January 8 - Johnny Gruelle, American cartoonist and children's book author (b. 1880) (Raggedy Ann)
January 20 - Émile Cohl, French caricaturist and animator (b. 1857)
January 21 - Georges Méliès, French film director (b. 1861)
January 28 - Bernd Rosemeyer, German racing driver (b. 1909)
February 2 - Frederick William Vanderbilt, American railway magnate (b. 1856)
February 7 - Harvey Firestone, American manufacturer (b. 1868)
February 18 - David King Udall, American politician (b. 1851)
February 19 - Edmund Landau, German mathematician (b. 1877)
March 1 - Gabriele D'Annunzio, Italian writer, war hero, and politician (b. 1863)
March 2 - Ben Harney, American composer and pianist (b. 1871)
March 13 - Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin, Soviet politician (b. 1888)
March 13 - Clarence Darrow, American attorney (b. 1857)
April 8 - Joe "King" Oliver, American jazz musician (b. 1885)
April 12 - Feodor Chaliapin, Russian bass (b. 1873)
April 16 - Steve Bloomer, English footballer (b. 1874)
April 21 - Allama Iqbal, Indian philosopher and poet (b. 1877)
April 25 - Aleksander Świętochowski - Polish writer (b. 1849)
April 26 - Edmund Husserl, Austrian philosopher (b. 1859)
May 4 - Carl von Ossietzky, German pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1889)
May 9 - Thomas B. Thrige, Danish industrialist (b. 1866)
May 13 - Charles Edouard Guillaume, French physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1861)
May 26 - John Jacob Abel, American pharmacologist (b. 1857)

July - December

July 4 - Otto Bauer, Austrian Social Democratic politician (b. 1881)
August 1 - Edmund Charles Tarbell, American artist (b. 1862)
August 7 - Constantin Stanislavski, Russian theatre practitioner (b. 1863)
August 14 - Hugh Trumble, Australian test cricketer (b. 1876)
August 16 - Robert Johnson, American blues singer (b. 1911)
September 1 - Nikolai Bryukhanov, Soviet statesman and political figure who served as People's Commissar of Finances (b. 1878)
September 17 - Bruno Jasieński, Polish poet (b. 1901)
September 25 - Paul Olaf Bodding, Norwegian missionary to India and creator of Santali latin alphabet (b. 1865)
October 2 - Alexandru Averescu, Romanian soldier and politician (b. 1859)
October 13 E.C. Segar, American comics artist (Popeye)
October 17 - Karl Kautsky, Marxist theoretician (b. 1854)
October 22 - May Irwin, Canadian actress and singer (b. 1862)
October 24 - Ernst Barlach, German sculptor and poet (b. 1870)
October 27 - Lascelles Abercrombie, English poet and critic (b. 1881)
November 9 - Vasily Blyukher, Soviet military commander (b. 1889)
November 10 - Kemal Atatürk, President of Turkey (b. 1881)
November 20 - Maud of Wales, queen of Haakon VII of Norway (b. 1869)
November 30 - Corneliu Zelea Codreanu, Romanian fascist, leader of the Iron Guard (executed along other Guard activists) (b. 1899)
December 11 - Christian Lous Lange, Norwegian pacifist, recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize (b. 1869)
December 20 - Annie Armstrong US missionary leader (b. 1850)
December 25 - Karel Čapek, Czech author (b. 1890)
December 28 - Florence Lawrence, Canadian actress (b. 1886)

Nobel prizes

External links

The 1930s Timeline: 1938 — from American Studies Programs at The University of Virginia

1938 Coin Pictures

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1938

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News:

1938

Contents

Events of 1938

January-February

March-April

May-June

July-August

September-October

November-December

Undated

Ongoing

Births

January-February

March-April

May-June

July-August

September-October

November-December

Date unknown

Deaths

January - June

July - December

Nobel prizes

External links