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1252

Events

Europe

• May 15 - Pope Innocent IV issues the papal bull Ad exstirpanda, which authorizes the torture of heretics in the Medieval Inquisition. Torture quickly gains widespread usage across Catholic Europe.
• The first European gold coins are minted in the Italian city of Florence, and are known as florins.
• The Polish land of Lebus is incorporated into the German state of Brandenburg, marking the start of Brandenburg's expansion into previously Polish areas (Neumark).
• The Swedish city of Stockholm is founded by Birger Jarl.
• The Lithuanian city of Klaipėda (Memel) is founded by the Teutonic Knights.
• The town and monastery of Orval in Belgium burn to the ground; rebuilding takes 100 years.
• Thomas Aquinas travels to the University of Paris to begin his studies there for a masters degree.
• In astronomy, work begins on the recording of the Alfonsine tables.

Asia

• The classic Japanese text Jikkunsho is completed.
• The Chinese era Chunyou ends.
• The Mongols take the westernmost province of the Song Dynasty empire.

Births

• March 25 - Conradin, Duke of Swabia (d. 1268)
• Safi Al-Din, Persian Sufi leader
• Amadeus V of Savoy (d. 1323)
• Eleanor de Montfort, princess of Wales (d. 1282)

Deaths

• March 6 - Saint Rose of Viterbo, Italian saint (b. 1235)
• May 30 - King Ferdinand III of Castile and Leon
• June 29 - King Abel of Denmark (b. 1218)
• November 26 - Blanche of Castile, queen of Louis VIII of France and regent of France (b. 1188)
• Queen Isabella of Armenia
• Sorghaghtani Beki, Mongolian empress and regent
• Giovanni da Pian del Carpini, Italian chronicler of the Mongol Empire
• Theobald IV of Champagne (b. 1201)