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Writer
Writer persons are, those writing in particular of literary Set for texts as a vocational emphasis. Because of definition problems this legally not protected job title becomes because of their kind and a category-spreading character occasionally even into a contrast to the designation Author brought.
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The term
The term Writer became in 17. Century out place „(in) a writing “ in the sense of write „“ formed and replaced since then as job title the foreign words Skribent and Author.[1] After the brothers Grimm leads itself Writer still 1616 of one Concipienten off, which touches down for other legal letters, and which application of the word Writer for one, that berufsmäszig a litterarische thätigkeit exercises, 1723 one occupies for the first time. They quote among other things also still Immanuel Kant, for one, which speaks to the public in the own name, Writer and/or. Author as well as one calls Friedrich Schiller, for that the term Writer that of the Beautiful spirit replaced, during Joachim Heinrich Campe Schriftstellerei and writers as „low, but therefore not yet despicable words “ regarded.[2]
Definition problems of writers - author
How/as well-being the one of the other one is derived, become occasionally between the designations Writer and Author differentiated. Author is everyone, which can make a text valid equal whatever kind in whatever medium always published and but copyrights. The legally unprotected designation Writer searches here a demarcation, which depends it however after present linguistic usage everything else as clearly actual on the respective surrounding field, in which this designation is used or even called in. So is not least between that Self understanding among authors and that Designation by others to differentiate.
Self understanding among authors
Authors, who put on it separate value, as Writer to be designated, connect themselves this pretty often with a performance record, to that after the number of their not in Self or Subsidy publishing house published books, the height of the editions sold in each case and the any critical admission by those Rezensenten measures. This is underlined also still by the option to deny its living costs exclusively by book publications. This becomes occasionally also with the self designation Free writer marked - although, apart from very few exceptions, also it alone of the percentages of profits gained from book publications to live only rarely to be able, but and their further work on the manuscripts by readings, lectures, requests for scholarships and others nevertheless literature close work to finance have themselves. („Free “means here in addition, to be bound to a publishing house when author - there this for the artistic liberty very important, for which living costs can be in addition, from disadvantage, is not to be read off from it no more than one description of condition.) in view of the downward gradient between that high requirement and the life reality might itself in Germany at best one hundred of several thousand authors organized in writer federations as Writer designate.
Although a writer federation like the unionized Connected German writer Authors (and Translator!) all kinds and category meets and in DGB besides only the journalists' federation dju when independent organization established, becomes with the designation Writer also still occasionally one „honorable “meant restriction on authors that Barking trichloroethylene TIC connected. (Poet on the other hand call themselves More closely, which then again as one itself of Writer „honour designation taking off “is meant a kinderbuch and a Fantasyautorin.) after these Lesart would be however even how Joanne K. Rowling none Authoress, there kinderbuch and category literature Prosa but strictly speaking no barking trichloroethylene TIC represents - of Special books to be silent completely.
It is to be observed however that authors and authoresses of the recent generation have a unverkrampfteres relationship to this term and than authors of texts equal which kind simply from their Schriftstellerei to live to want can. Besides are only the few authors and/or. Writer Purists, which concerns its topic or the kind, but it try its getting along by Crossover to secure in different category and media. Thus there are not few novelists, who wrote poems and Kinderbücher, in addition, plays and film scripts to films.
Designation by others
Depending upon extent in handling also Literature generally everyone applies as to the public Writer, which published a book equal which kind. Writer becomes here probably simple of Writing manufacturer derived, which etymologisch (see Eingangserläutungen right at the top) is wrong, the comprehensive allocation to however the etymologischen origin as substitution of the foreign word Author more near comes than one however constituted rating distinction between these two designations.
With the Rezensenten of the Feuilleton becomes likewise hardly still another rating meant distinction between Author and Writer met. Nevertheless the designation becomes as Writer within one Review of some authors as Knight impact noticed. Whereby the reputation in the public may probably be connected with the success of a book, what is usually obtained over the denomination in the media (reviews, interviews with the author, biographic papers etc.). Because each sales impact does not have to increase the reputation, if it is not worked on medial.
Careers/developments
During itself z. B. in Japan Pupil/inside traditionally in Haiku- Letters practice, in the schools of the German linguistic area still more about literature are talked than lively for own organization the same. Writers in the German linguistic area are therefore pretty often on their part from first intensive readers, around itself then mostly as Autodidact to search own ways, the letter like also the marked out of Manuscripts to teach.
At that University of Hildesheim and since 1995 at that University of Leipzig (German Literaturinstitut Leipzig) it gives however meanwhile also after US-American model[3] training writerelating to crafts and/or. a course of studies to the diplomierten writer. Guest listeners can likewise visit these seminars. Beyond that numerous offer Write workshops, like e.g. that Recent literature forum Hessen Thuringia or those Marburger summer academy, beginning authors interactive training or Coaching writer through already established on.
Despite however constituted pre and training only very few writers succeed, however from their publications and/or. To live book fees. Most go therefore still to different activities post either completely beyond the literature or in a nevertheless cognate combination than translator, Lesereisender or, like already since longer in the USA, than lecturer in Creative Writing.
Many, if not most writers are in professional associations, in Germany not least in the unionized Connected German writer organized. These professional associations do not understand themselves particularly as „condition agencies of “their already by a certain number more shifted Book publications „justified “members and offer to them and others Legal protection and consultation in questions of the Copyright.
Information too Remuneration and percentages of profits see Author.
Sources
- ↑ Duden Bd.7, the origin s-word book. A Etymologie of the German language. Duden publishing house/Mannheim - Vienna - Zurich 1963. ISBN 3-411-00907-1
- ↑ German dictionary of Jacob and William Grimm. The digital Grimm® version 05-04 © two thousand-unity, Frankfurt/Main 2004
- ↑ Franc McCourt: Day and night and also in the summer, memories Luchterhand, Luchterhand literature publishing house, Munich 2005, 2. Edition, ISBN 978-3-630-87239-1
Literature
- German literature encyclopedia. Biographic-bibliographic manual, 3. Aufl., Berne/Munich 1968ff. (Conditions at the end of of 2006: 26 volumes to Wagner)
- German literature encyclopedia. Biographic-bibliographic manual, Supplements, Berne 1994ff. (Conditions at the end of of 2006: 6 volumes to Ryslavy (1999))
- German literature encyclopedia. 20. Century, Hg. by Carl Ludwig long, Berne/Munich 2000, starting from Bd.2 Hg von Konrad Feilchenfeldt, Berne/Munich 2001 (conditions at the end of of 2006: 9 volumes to Fries)
- Critical encyclopedia to the German-language present literature - KLG: Edition text and criticism, expenditure for lot sheet, hrsg. of Heinz Ludwig Arnold, Lot sheet work, since 1978, is constantly updated
- Critical encyclopedia to the fremdsprachigen present literature - KLfG: Edition text and criticism, expenditure for lot sheet, hrsg. of Heinz Ludwig Arnold, Lot sheet work, is constantly updated
- Kürschners of German literature calendars, volume 1 - 3, editorship: Andreas Klimt, K. G. Saur publishing house, Munich - Leipzig, ISBN 3-598-23581-X (several editions already exist)
- Kürschners of German special book calendars: Volume 1-2, editorship: Andreas Klimt; K. G. Saur publishing house, Munich - Leipzig, ISBN 3-598-24181-X (several editions already exist)
- Ludwig Janssen: Literature Atlas North-Rhine/Westphalia - A directory to the literature scene. People sheet publishing house, Cologne 1992, ISBN 3-923243-96-0.
- Franc McCourt: Day and night and also in the summer, memories. Luchterhand literature publishing house, Munich 2006, ISBN 978-3-630-87239-1.
- Sandra Uschtrin: Manual for authoresses and authors, Munich: 5. Aufl. 2005, On-line sides with information to the literature enterprise
- Wilpert: Encyclopedia of the world literature
See also
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